📘 Welcome
Hi User, you have selected Read Mode.
This is Time Free Mode for your convenience to understand every question as per your Ease and Time.
Here You get Answer and Details button. After mastering this mode, you can go for a test with Test Mode on the main page designed especially with Exam Features.
This is Time Free Mode for your convenience to understand every question as per your Ease and Time.
Here You get Answer and Details button. After mastering this mode, you can go for a test with Test Mode on the main page designed especially with Exam Features.
Q1. Fibroblasts produce:
Fibroblasts produce fibres of connective tissue. They are the most common cells in connective tissue and are responsible for synthesising collagen, elastin, and other extracellular matrix components. These fibres provide strength, elasticity, and support to connective tissues like tendons, ligaments, and skin.
Q2. Blood carries oxygen and food to:
Blood carries oxygen and food (nutrients) to all body cells. It delivers oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to every cell in the body. Blood also removes waste products like carbon dioxide from cells and transports them to excretory organs.
Q3. Movement of the chest during breathing is due to:
Movement of the chest during breathing is due to muscle cells. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and relax to change the volume of the chest cavity, allowing air to enter and exit the lungs. This muscular movement is essential for respiration.
Q4. Muscle fibres shown in Fig. 12.8 are:
The muscle fibres shown are voluntary muscle fibres (skeletal muscle fibres). They are attached to bones, are striated (striped), and are under voluntary control. They allow for movements like walking, running, and lifting. Cardiac and smooth muscles are involuntary.
Q5. Cells need oxygen mainly for:
Cells need oxygen mainly for energy production in mitochondria. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, which produces ATP (energy). Without oxygen, cells cannot efficiently produce energy, and they may switch to anaerobic respiration.
Q6. Oxygen inhaled during breathing is absorbed in the:
Oxygen inhaled during breathing is absorbed into the blood in the lungs. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli (air sacs) into the blood capillaries, where it binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells. The blood then transports oxygen to all body cells.
Q7. Which of the following is NOT an animal tissue?
Meristematic tissue is NOT an animal tissue—it is a plant tissue. Meristematic tissue is found in plants and is responsible for growth. Animal tissues include epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Meristematic tissue is unique to plants.
Q8. Columnar epithelium is found in:
Columnar epithelium is found in the intestine. It lines the digestive tract and is specialised for absorption and secretion. The tall, pillar-like cells increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. Some columnar cells may have microvilli or cilia.
Q9. Epithelial cells are:
Epithelial cells are tightly packed with little or no intercellular spaces. They form a continuous sheet that covers the body surface and lines internal organs and cavities. This compact arrangement provides effective protection against injury, infection, and water loss.
Q10. Simple squamous epithelium is found in:
Simple squamous epithelium is found in blood vessels (endothelium) and lung alveoli. It consists of a single layer of flat, thin cells that allow rapid diffusion of substances. This makes it ideal for gas exchange in the lungs and the exchange of materials in blood vessels.
Q11. Osteocytes are found in:
Osteocytes are found in bone. They are mature bone cells that are embedded in the bone matrix. Osteocytes maintain the bone tissue and are involved in the exchange of nutrients and waste products. They are located in small spaces called lacunae.
Q12. Hyaline matrix is present in:
Hyaline matrix is present in cartilage. Hyaline cartilage has a glassy, translucent matrix that provides support and flexibility. It is found in joints, the nose, the trachea, and the ends of ribs. The matrix contains chondrocytes embedded in a jelly-like substance.
Q13. Cuboidal epithelium mainly provides:
Cuboidal epithelium mainly provides absorption. It is found in kidney tubules and glands, where it is involved in the absorption and secretion of substances. The cube-shaped cells have a large surface area, making them efficient for these functions.
Q14. Fat tissue stores:
Fat tissue (adipose tissue) stores energy in the form of fat (lipids). It serves as an energy reserve that can be broken down when the body needs energy. Adipose tissue also provides insulation, cushioning, and protection to organs.
Q15. Canaliculi are associated with:
Canaliculi are associated with bone cells. They are tiny channels that connect osteocytes in bone. Canaliculi allow the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between osteocytes and the blood supply, maintaining the health of bone tissue.
Q16. Macrophages function in:
Macrophages function in defence. They are specialised white blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, foreign particles, and dead cells by phagocytosis. Macrophages are part of the immune system and help protect the body from infection.
Q17. Adipocytes are cells of:
Adipocytes are cells of fat tissue (adipose tissue). They are specialised for storing fat (lipids) as an energy reserve. Adipocytes also provide insulation, cushioning, and protection to organs. They can expand or shrink depending on the amount of fat stored.
Q18. Stratified squamous epithelium prevents:
Stratified squamous epithelium prevents wear and tear. It consists of multiple layers of cells, with the outermost layers being flat and dead. This tissue lines areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin, mouth, oesophagus, and vagina. It provides protection against mechanical injury.
Q19. Blood is an example of:
Blood is an example of connective tissue. It connects different parts of the body by transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Blood has a fluid matrix (plasma) with cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) suspended in it.
Q20. Epithelium covers:
Epithelium covers most organs and body cavities. It forms the outer covering of the skin, lines the digestive tract, respiratory tract, blood vessels, and other internal organs. Epithelial tissue serves as a protective barrier and regulates the exchange of materials.
Q21. Blood carries wastes to:
Blood carries wastes to the liver and kidneys. The liver detoxifies harmful substances, while the kidneys filter waste products (like urea and excess salts) from the blood to form urine. This excretion process is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
Q22. Epithelial tissue forms:
Epithelial tissue forms a continuous sheet. The cells are tightly packed with no intercellular spaces, creating a barrier that covers the body surface and lines internal cavities. This continuous layer provides protection and regulates the exchange of substances.
Q23. All epithelium is separated from underlying tissue by:
All epithelium is separated from the underlying tissue by a basement membrane. The basement membrane is a thin, non-cellular layer that anchors the epithelial tissue to the connective tissue beneath it. It provides support and acts as a filter for substances.
Q24. Intercellular spaces in epithelial tissue are:
Intercellular spaces in epithelial tissue are almost absent. The cells are tightly packed together, forming a continuous protective layer. This compact arrangement prevents the passage of substances between cells and provides effective protection.
Q25. White blood corpuscles help in:
White blood corpuscles (leucocytes) help in defence. They are part of the immune system and protect the body against infections by engulfing pathogens (phagocytosis) or producing antibodies. White blood cells are essential for immunity.
Q26. Cuboidal epithelium lines:
Cuboidal epithelium lines the kidney tubules. It is also found in glands and their ducts. The cube-shaped cells are involved in absorption, secretion, and excretion. In the kidneys, they help in the reabsorption of water and nutrients from the filtrate.
Q27. Chondrocytes are cells of:
Chondrocytes are cells of cartilage. They are the only cells found in cartilage and are located in small spaces called lacunae. Chondrocytes produce and maintain the cartilage matrix, which is firm but flexible. Cartilage is found in joints, ears, nose, and trachea.
Q28. Function of cilia is to:
The function of cilia is to push mucus forward. Cilia are hair-like projections found on the surface of some epithelial cells. In the respiratory tract, they beat in a coordinated manner to sweep mucus and trapped particles upward, keeping the airways clean.
Q29. Covering or protective tissues in animals are:
Covering or protective tissues in animals are epithelial tissues. They cover the body surface (skin) and line internal organs and body cavities. Epithelial tissues act as a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and water loss.
Q30. Permeability of epithelium helps in:
The permeability of epithelium helps in the exchange of materials. Epithelial tissues allow the selective passage of substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products. This is crucial for processes like gas exchange in the lungs and nutrient absorption in the intestine.
Q31. Squamous epithelium covers:
Squamous epithelium covers the oesophagus and mouth lining (stratified squamous epithelium). It also forms the outer layer of the skin. Squamous cells are flat and thin, providing protection and allowing for the diffusion of substances in some areas.
Q32. Connective tissue cells are:
Connective tissue cells are loosely spaced and embedded in an extracellular matrix. The matrix may be jelly-like, fluid, dense, or rigid, depending on the type of connective tissue. This loose arrangement allows for the diffusion of substances and provides flexibility.
Q33. Nature of matrix depends on:
The nature of the matrix depends on the function of the tissue. For example, blood has a fluid matrix (plasma) to transport substances, bone has a rigid matrix (calcium salts) for support, and cartilage has a firm but flexible matrix for cushioning.
Q34. Cilia are present in:
Cilia are present in ciliated columnar epithelium. This type of epithelium is found in the respiratory tract, fallopian tubes, and some other organs. The cilia beat rhythmically to move mucus, fluids, or particles across the epithelial surface.
Q35. Blood is called connective tissue because it:
Blood is called connective tissue because it transports substances. It connects different parts of the body by carrying oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products between cells and organs. This transport function is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
Q36. Haversian canal is found in:
Haversian canals are found in bone. They are small channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels and nerves. Haversian canals are surrounded by concentric rings of bone tissue (lamellae) and form the Haversian system, which is the structural unit of compact bone.
Q37. Skin is made up of:
Skin is made up of epithelial tissue (the epidermis). The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that covers the body surface and provides protection. Below the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, but the skin itself is classified as an epithelial tissue.
Q38. Movement in the body occurs due to:
Movement in the body occurs due to the contraction and relaxation of muscle cells. Muscle tissue is specialised for contraction, which generates force and causes movement. This includes voluntary movements (skeletal muscles) and involuntary movements (smooth and cardiac muscles).
Q39. Cells of connective tissue are embedded in:
Cells of connective tissue are embedded in an intercellular matrix. The matrix is secreted by the cells and may be solid (bone), fluid (blood), or jelly-like (cartilage). The matrix provides support, connects tissues, and allows for the diffusion of substances.
Q40. Glandular epithelium is specialised for:
Glandular epithelium is specialised for secretion. It forms glands that produce and secrete substances like hormones, enzymes, mucus, and sweat. Glandular cells are modified epithelial cells that have a high rate of synthesis and secretion.
Q41. Oxygen absorbed in lungs is transported to body cells by:
Oxygen absorbed in the lungs is transported to body cells by blood. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues throughout the body. This transport is essential for cellular respiration.
Q42. Skin epithelium is called:
Skin epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium. It consists of multiple layers of cells, with the outermost layers being flat and dead. This arrangement provides protection against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection. The skin is the largest organ of the body.
Q43. Columnar epithelium consists of cells that are:
Columnar epithelium consists of cells that are tall and pillar-like. These cells are taller than they are wide and are specialised for absorption and secretion. Columnar epithelium lines the digestive tract, where it helps in the absorption of nutrients.
Q44. Simple squamous epithelium is:
Simple squamous epithelium is flat and thin. It consists of a single layer of flattened cells that allow rapid diffusion of substances. This epithelium is found in the alveoli of the lungs and the lining of blood vessels, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
Q45. Matrix of connective tissue may be:
The matrix of connective tissue may be jelly-like (cartilage), fluid (blood), dense (ligaments and tendons), or rigid (bone). The nature of the matrix determines the function of the tissue and allows connective tissues to perform a wide variety of roles.
Q46. Red blood corpuscles mainly transport:
Red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes) mainly transport oxygen. They contain haemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. Red blood cells also transport a small amount of carbon dioxide, but their primary function is oxygen transport.
Q47. Glandular epithelium is formed when epithelial tissue:
Glandular epithelium is formed when epithelial tissue folds inward. This folding creates glands that are specialised for secretion. The glandular cells become modified to produce and secrete substances like hormones, enzymes, and mucus.
Q48. Muscle forms:
Muscle forms muscular tissue. Muscular tissue is specialised for contraction and movement. It is classified into three types: skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (involuntary). Muscle tissue is responsible for all body movements.
Q49. Animal tissues are classified on the basis of:
Animal tissues are classified on the basis of their functions. The four main types are epithelial (protection), connective (support and transport), muscular (movement), and nervous (communication and control). This classification is based on what the tissue does in the body.
Q50. Platelets help in:
Platelets help in blood clotting. They are small cell fragments that gather at the site of a wound and release chemicals that initiate the clotting process. Platelets are essential for preventing excessive bleeding when blood vessels are damaged.