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Q1. The fluid matrix of blood is called:
The fluid matrix of blood is called plasma. Plasma is a pale yellow liquid that makes up about 55% of blood volume. It contains water, proteins, salts, hormones, and other dissolved substances. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended in plasma.
Q2. Tendons are less flexible because they:
Tendons are less flexible because they are fibrous and strong. They connect muscles to bones and are made of dense, parallel bundles of collagen fibres. This structure gives them great tensile strength and limited flexibility, allowing them to transmit the force of muscle contraction to bones.
Q3. Fat is stored in:
Fat is stored in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes (fat cells) that store fat as energy reserves. It is found beneath the skin, around internal organs, and in bone marrow. Adipose tissue also provides insulation and cushioning.
Q4. Tendons connect:
Tendons connect muscles to bones. They are strong, fibrous connective tissues that transmit the force generated by muscle contraction to the bones, enabling movement. Tendons are made of dense collagen fibres and have limited flexibility.
Q5. Columnar epithelium cells are:
Columnar epithelium cells are pillar-like (tall and cylindrical). They are taller than they are wide and are specialised for absorption and secretion. Columnar epithelium lines the digestive tract, where it helps in the absorption of nutrients.
Q6. Which of the following are suspended in blood plasma?
Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets are all suspended in blood plasma. Plasma is the fluid matrix of blood, and these formed elements are suspended within it. Together, they perform various functions like oxygen transport, immunity, and blood clotting.
Q7. Ligaments contain:
Ligaments contain very little matrix. They are made of dense connective tissue with closely packed collagen and elastin fibres. The limited matrix and the presence of elastin fibres give ligaments their strength and elasticity, allowing them to connect bones to bones.
Q8. Areolar tissue is found:
Areolar tissue is found between skin and muscles, as well as around blood vessels, nerves, and organs. It is a loose connective tissue that fills spaces, provides support, and allows for the movement of structures. It also helps in the repair of tissues.
Q9. Areolar tissue helps in:
Areolar tissue helps in the repair of tissues. It contains fibroblasts that produce collagen fibres, which are essential for wound healing. Areolar tissue also supports and binds other tissues, providing a flexible framework and allowing for the movement of structures.
Q10. Areolar tissue helps in:
Areolar tissue helps in binding tissues together. It is a loose connective tissue that fills spaces between organs and tissues, providing support and flexibility. It also serves as a reservoir for water and salts and helps in the diffusion of nutrients and wastes.
Q11. Blood cells are suspended in:
Blood cells are suspended in plasma. Plasma is the liquid matrix of blood and contains water, proteins, salts, hormones, and nutrients. Blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets) are carried by the plasma throughout the body.
Q12. Bone is non-flexible because it:
Bone is non-flexible because it needs to support body weight. The bone matrix contains calcium and phosphorus compounds, which make it hard and rigid. This rigidity is essential for providing structural support, protecting vital organs, and serving as attachment points for muscles.
Q13. Cartilage is found in:
Cartilage is found in the nose, ear, trachea, and larynx. It is a flexible connective tissue that provides support and cushioning. Cartilage is also found in joints, between bones, and in the rib cage. It is softer and more flexible than bone.
Q14. Simple squamous epithelium forms a:
Simple squamous epithelium forms a delicate lining. It consists of a single layer of flat, thin cells that allow rapid diffusion of substances. This epithelium lines blood vessels (endothelium) and lung alveoli, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
Q15. We can fold the cartilage of ears because cartilage is:
We can fold the cartilage of ears because cartilage is flexible. The matrix of cartilage is firm but elastic, allowing it to bend without breaking. This flexibility is essential for structures like the ear and nose, which need to maintain their shape while allowing some movement.
Q16. Areolar tissue supports:
Areolar tissue supports internal organs. It is a loose connective tissue that fills spaces between organs and provides cushioning and support. It also allows for the movement of structures and helps in the repair of tissues.
Q17. Ligaments are more elastic than tendons because:
Ligaments are more elastic than tendons because they contain elastin fibres, which provide elasticity. Ligaments connect bones to bones and need to allow some movement at joints while providing stability. The elasticity of ligaments allows them to stretch and return to their original shape.
Q18. Muscular tissue consists of:
Muscular tissue consists of elongated cells called muscle fibres. These cells are specialised for contraction and relaxation, which generates force and causes movement. The elongated shape allows for efficient contraction along the length of the muscle.
Q19. Bone cells are embedded in a matrix made of:
Bone cells are embedded in a matrix made of calcium and phosphorus compounds (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate). These minerals make the bone hard and rigid, providing strength and support. The matrix also contains collagen fibres for flexibility.
Q20. Elongated cells of muscular tissue are called:
Elongated cells of muscular tissue are called muscle fibres. They are long, cylindrical cells that contract and relax to produce movement. Muscle fibres contain specialised proteins (actin and myosin) that slide past each other during contraction.
Q21. Stratified squamous epithelium protects against:
Stratified squamous epithelium protects against wear and tear. It consists of multiple layers of cells, with the outermost layers being flat and dead. This type of epithelium lines areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin, mouth, and oesophagus, providing effective protection.
Q22. Columnar epithelium is found in:
Columnar epithelium is found in the intestine. It lines the digestive tract and is specialised for absorption and secretion. The tall, pillar-like cells increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. Some columnar cells may have microvilli or cilia.
Q23. Skin epithelium is called:
Skin epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium. It consists of multiple layers of cells, with the outermost layers being flat and dead. This arrangement provides protection against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection.
Q24. Blood transports:
Blood transports gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), digested food (nutrients), hormones, and wastes. It connects different parts of the body by carrying these substances between cells and organs. This transport function is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
Q25. Adipose tissue helps in insulation by:
Adipose tissue helps in insulation by storing fats. Fat is a poor conductor of heat, so adipose tissue acts as an insulating layer that helps maintain body temperature. It also serves as an energy reserve and provides cushioning to organs.
Q26. Ciliated columnar epithelium is found in:
Ciliated columnar epithelium is found in the respiratory tract. The cilia on the surface of these cells beat in a coordinated manner to push mucus and trapped particles upward, keeping the airways clean. This epithelium is also found in the fallopian tubes.
Q27. Simple squamous epithelium cells are:
Simple squamous epithelium cells are thin and flat. They form a single layer that allows rapid diffusion of substances. This epithelium is found in the alveoli of the lungs and the lining of blood vessels, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
Q28. Squamous epithelium lines:
Squamous epithelium lines the oesophagus and mouth (stratified squamous epithelium). It provides protection against abrasion from food and other materials. This type of epithelium is also found in the outer layer of the skin.
Q29. Adipose tissue is found:
Adipose tissue is found below the skin (subcutaneous fat). It is also found around internal organs (visceral fat) and in bone marrow. Adipose tissue stores fat, provides insulation, and cushions organs.
Q30. Blood is classified as connective tissue because it:
Blood is classified as connective tissue because it connects different body parts by transport. It carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products between cells and organs, linking all parts of the body. This transport function is the basis for its classification as connective tissue.
Q31. Cartilage is a type of:
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue. It provides support and flexibility to various parts of the body, including the nose, ear, trachea, and joints. Cartilage has a firm but flexible matrix containing chondrocytes.
Q32. Adipose tissue is also found:
Adipose tissue is also found between internal organs, where it provides cushioning and insulation. It helps protect organs from mechanical injury and stores energy. This visceral fat is important for maintaining body temperature and metabolism.
Q33. Cartilage differs from bone because it:
Cartilage differs from bone because it is flexible. Cartilage has a firm but elastic matrix, while bone has a hard, rigid matrix containing calcium and phosphorus compounds. This flexibility allows cartilage to bend and absorb shock, unlike bone.
Q34. Plasma contains:
Plasma contains proteins, salts, and hormones. It is the fluid matrix of blood and is composed of about 90% water and 10% dissolved substances, including plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), salts, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Q35. Cilia help in:
Cilia help in pushing mucus forward. They are hair-like projections found on the surface of some epithelial cells. In the respiratory tract, cilia beat in a coordinated manner to sweep mucus and trapped particles upward, keeping the airways clean.
Q36. Cartilage smoothens:
Cartilage smoothens bone surfaces at joints. Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints, providing a smooth, slippery surface that reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement. This allows for smooth, pain-free joint movement.
Q37. Cells of adipose tissue contain:
Cells of adipose tissue (adipocytes) contain fat globules. These cells are specialised for storing fat (lipids) as energy reserves. The fat globules occupy most of the cell volume, pushing the nucleus to the periphery.
Q38. Tendons are:
Tendons are fibrous with great strength and limited flexibility. They connect muscles to bones and are made of dense, parallel bundles of collagen fibres. This structure gives them tremendous tensile strength, allowing them to transmit the force of muscle contraction to bones.
Q39. Ligaments connect:
Ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. They are strong, elastic connective tissues that provide stability and allow for movement at the joints. Ligaments contain elastin fibres, which give them elasticity and allow them to stretch.
Q40. Cartilage has:
Cartilage has widely spaced cells (chondrocytes) embedded in a firm but flexible matrix. The cells are located in small spaces called lacunae, and the matrix contains collagen and elastin fibres. This structure gives cartilage its strength and flexibility.
Q41. Areolar tissue is present around:
Areolar tissue is present around blood vessels and nerves, as well as between skin and muscles and around organs. It is a loose connective tissue that provides support, flexibility, and cushioning. It also allows for the diffusion of nutrients and wastes.
Q42. Muscular tissue is responsible for:
Muscular tissue is responsible for movement. It consists of elongated cells (muscle fibres) that contract and relax to generate force. This causes movement of the body, internal organs, and substances within the body. Muscle tissue is essential for locomotion and vital functions.
Q43. Bones help in:
Bones help in anchoring muscles. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. When muscles contract, they pull on bones, causing movement at joints. Bones also provide structural support, protect internal organs, and store minerals.
Q44. Bone is a type of:
Bone is a type of connective tissue. It has a hard, rigid matrix made of calcium and phosphorus compounds, with bone cells (osteocytes) embedded in it. Bone provides structural support, protects organs, and serves as attachment points for muscles.
Q45. Areolar tissue is a type of:
Areolar tissue is a type of connective tissue. It is a loose connective tissue that fills spaces between organs, binds tissues together, and provides support and flexibility. Areolar tissue also helps in the repair of tissues and allows for the diffusion of nutrients.
Q46. Adipose tissue acts as:
Adipose tissue acts as an insulator. It stores fat, which is a poor conductor of heat. This helps maintain body temperature by reducing heat loss. Adipose tissue also provides cushioning and serves as an energy reserve.
Q47. Matrix of cartilage is composed of:
The matrix of cartilage is composed of proteins and sugars (proteoglycans and collagen fibres). This gives cartilage its firm but flexible consistency. The matrix does not contain calcium and phosphorus, which is why cartilage is more flexible than bone.
Q48. Bone forms the:
Bone forms the framework of the body (the skeleton). The skeleton provides structural support, protects internal organs, and serves as attachment points for muscles. Bones also store minerals and produce blood cells in the bone marrow.
Q49. Bone tissue is:
Bone tissue is strong and non-flexible. The matrix of bone contains calcium and phosphorus compounds, which make it hard and rigid. This strength allows bones to support body weight and withstand forces, while the rigidity provides protection to internal organs.
Q50. Ligaments are:
Ligaments are very elastic. They connect bones to bones and contain elastin fibres, which provide elasticity. This allows ligaments to stretch and return to their original shape, enabling movement at joints while maintaining stability. Tendons, in contrast, have limited flexibility.