Q1. Reproductive processes give rise to new individuals that are
A. Completely identical
B. Completely different
C. Similar but subtly different
D. Unrelated
Answer: C. Similar but subtly different
- A. Completely identical – Wrong because DNA copying is not perfectly accurate.
- B. Completely different – Wrong because basic body design is inherited.
- C. Similar but subtly different – Correct because offspring inherit traits with minor variations.
- D. Unrelated – Wrong because offspring are related to parents.
Q2. Variation is produced during
A. Only sexual reproduction
B. Only asexual reproduction
C. Both asexual and sexual reproduction
D. Only growth
Answer: C. Both asexual and sexual reproduction
- A. Only sexual reproduction – Wrong because asexual reproduction also shows minor variation.
- B. Only asexual reproduction – Wrong because sexual reproduction produces more variation.
- C. Both asexual and sexual reproduction – Correct due to DNA copying errors and recombination.
- D. Only growth – Wrong because growth does not produce variation.
Q3. Sexual reproduction maximises the number of
A. Identical traits
B. Successful variations
C. Body designs
D. Chromosomes
Answer: B. Successful variations
- A. Identical traits – Wrong because sexual reproduction increases differences.
- B. Successful variations – Correct because useful variations are combined and passed on.
- C. Body designs – Wrong because design remains broadly same.
- D. Chromosomes – Wrong because chromosome number remains constant.
Q4. Paddy plants show very little variation because they
A. Are animals
B. Reproduce sexually
C. Reproduce asexually
D. Live in water
Answer: C. Reproduce asexually
- A. Are animals – Wrong because paddy is a plant.
- B. Reproduce sexually – Wrong because sexual reproduction increases variation.
- C. Reproduce asexually – Correct because asexual reproduction produces similar offspring.
- D. Live in water – Wrong because habitat does not reduce variation.
Q5. Large visible variations are commonly seen in
A. Paddy plants
B. Bacteria
C. Animals and human beings
D. Algae
Answer: C. Animals and human beings
- A. Paddy plants – Wrong because variation is limited.
- B. Bacteria – Wrong because variations are microscopic.
- C. Animals and human beings – Correct due to sexual reproduction.
- D. Algae – Wrong because body organisation is simple.
Q6. The study of how variations are created and inherited is called
A. Ecology
B. Evolution
C. Genetics
D. Taxonomy
Answer: C. Genetics
- A. Ecology – Wrong because it studies environment.
- B. Evolution – Wrong because it studies long-term changes.
- C. Genetics – Correct study of heredity and variation.
- D. Taxonomy – Wrong because it studies classification.
Q7. Long-term accumulation of variations is studied under
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Evolution
D. Nutrition
Answer: C. Evolution
- A. Growth – Wrong because growth is individual.
- B. Reproduction – Wrong because it produces individuals.
- C. Evolution – Correct study of accumulated variations.
- D. Nutrition – Wrong because it concerns food.
Q8. Inheritance provides the next generation with
A. Only variations
B. Only differences
C. Basic body design and subtle changes
D. Completely new designs
Answer: C. Basic body design and subtle changes
- A. Only variations – Wrong because core design is inherited.
- B. Only differences – Wrong because similarities exist.
- C. Basic body design and subtle changes – Correct inheritance principle.
- D. Completely new designs – Wrong because design evolves slowly.
Q9. The second generation inherits
A. Only new variations
B. Only parental traits
C. Inherited and newly created variations
D. No variations
Answer: C. Inherited and newly created variations
- A. Only new variations – Wrong because traits are inherited too.
- B. Only parental traits – Wrong because new variations arise.
- C. Inherited and newly created variations – Correct combination.
- D. No variations – Wrong because variation always exists.
Q10. In asexual reproduction, repeated division of one bacterium produces individuals that are
A. Very different
B. Completely identical
C. Very similar
D. Unrelated
Answer: C. Very similar
- A. Very different – Wrong because DNA is mostly same.
- B. Completely identical – Wrong because minor DNA errors occur.
- C. Very similar – Correct description.
- D. Unrelated – Wrong because all come from same parent.
Q11. Minor differences in asexual reproduction arise due to
A. Fertilisation
B. Environmental changes
C. Inaccuracies in DNA copying
D. Mutation only
Answer: C. Inaccuracies in DNA copying
- A. Fertilisation – Wrong because fertilisation does not occur.
- B. Environmental changes – Wrong because variation is genetic.
- C. Inaccuracies in DNA copying – Correct cause.
- D. Mutation only – Wrong because mutation is broader term.
Q12. Sexual reproduction produces greater diversity because
A. DNA is copied perfectly
B. Two individuals are involved
C. Only one parent contributes DNA
D. Cell division is faster
Answer: B. Two individuals are involved
- A. DNA is copied perfectly – Wrong because copying has errors.
- B. Two individuals are involved – Correct reason for variation.
- C. Only one parent contributes DNA – Wrong because both parents contribute.
- D. Cell division is faster – Wrong because speed is irrelevant.
Q13. In sexual reproduction, each generation shows
A. No inheritance
B. Only parental traits
C. New combinations of traits
D. Loss of variation
Answer: C. New combinations of traits
- A. No inheritance – Wrong because traits are inherited.
- B. Only parental traits – Wrong because recombination occurs.
- C. New combinations of traits – Correct outcome.
- D. Loss of variation – Wrong because variation increases.
Q14. Variations do not have equal chances of survival because
A. All environments are same
B. All traits are harmful
C. Environment selects useful variations
D. DNA stops copying
Answer: C. Environment selects useful variations
- A. All environments are same – Wrong because environments differ.
- B. All traits are harmful – Wrong because some are beneficial.
- C. Environment selects useful variations – Correct natural selection.
- D. DNA stops copying – Wrong because copying continues.
Q15. Bacteria resistant to heat survive better during
A. Floods
B. Cold waves
C. Heat waves
D. Droughts
Answer: C. Heat waves
- A. Floods – Wrong because heat resistance is irrelevant.
- B. Cold waves – Wrong because cold tolerance is needed.
- C. Heat waves – Correct environmental condition.
- D. Droughts – Wrong because water scarcity is main issue.
Q16. Selection of variants by environment forms the basis of
A. Reproduction
B. Heredity
C. Evolution
D. Growth
Answer: C. Evolution
- A. Reproduction – Wrong because reproduction only produces offspring.
- B. Heredity – Wrong because heredity passes traits.
- C. Evolution – Correct mechanism.
- D. Growth – Wrong because growth is individual.
Q17. If trait B exists in 60% of a population, it is likely to have
A. Appeared recently
B. Appeared earlier
C. No advantage
D. No inheritance
Answer: B. Appeared earlier
- A. Appeared recently – Wrong because frequency would be low.
- B. Appeared earlier – Correct because it spread over time.
- C. No advantage – Wrong because frequent traits are useful.
- D. No inheritance – Wrong because it is inherited.
Q18. Creation of variations promotes survival because
A. All individuals become identical
B. Environment remains constant
C. Some individuals become better adapted
D. DNA stops changing
Answer: C. Some individuals become better adapted
- A. All individuals become identical – Wrong because variation creates differences.
- B. Environment remains constant – Wrong because environment changes.
- C. Some individuals become better adapted – Correct survival advantage.
- D. DNA stops changing – Wrong because DNA continues changing.
Q19. Heredity mainly deals with
A. Body growth
B. Transmission of traits
C. Nutrition
D. Respiration
Answer: B. Transmission of traits
- A. Body growth – Wrong because growth is development.
- B. Transmission of traits – Correct definition.
- C. Nutrition – Wrong because it concerns food.
- D. Respiration – Wrong because it concerns breathing.
Q20. The most obvious outcome of reproduction is
A. Variation only
B. Death
C. Individuals of similar design
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Individuals of similar design
- A. Variation only – Wrong because similarity also exists.
- B. Death – Wrong because reproduction produces life.
- C. Individuals of similar design – Correct observation.
- D. Mutation – Wrong because mutation is not always visible.
Q21. Rules of heredity explain how traits are
A. Destroyed
B. Randomly formed
C. Reliably inherited
D. Removed
Answer: C. Reliably inherited
- A. Destroyed – Wrong because traits are passed on, not destroyed.
- B. Randomly formed – Wrong because inheritance follows rules.
- C. Reliably inherited – Correct because heredity explains predictable transmission.
- D. Removed – Wrong because traits are not eliminated automatically.
Q22. Children resemble parents because
A. They eat similar food
B. They live together
C. They inherit traits
D. They grow similarly
Answer: C. They inherit traits
- A. They eat similar food – Wrong because food does not change genes.
- B. They live together – Wrong because environment alone cannot create resemblance.
- C. They inherit traits – Correct genetic reason.
- D. They grow similarly – Wrong because growth does not cause resemblance.
Q23. Human populations show large variation because
A. Growth is uneven
B. Reproduction is sexual
C. DNA is unstable
D. Environment is fixed
Answer: B. Reproduction is sexual
- A. Growth is uneven – Wrong because growth does not create genetic variation.
- B. Reproduction is sexual – Correct because DNA from two parents combines.
- C. DNA is unstable – Wrong because DNA is stable overall.
- D. Environment is fixed – Wrong because environment keeps changing.
Q24. Earlobes in humans occur mainly in
A. One form only
B. Three forms
C. Two variants
D. Many shapes
Answer: C. Two variants
- A. One form only – Wrong because variation exists.
- B. Three forms – Wrong because mainly two types occur.
- C. Two variants – Correct (free and attached).
- D. Many shapes – Wrong because basic variants are two.
Q25. Free and attached earlobes are examples of
A. Acquired traits
B. Inherited traits
C. Diseases
D. Mutations only
Answer: B. Inherited traits
- A. Acquired traits – Wrong because earlobes are genetic.
- B. Inherited traits – Correct because they pass from parents.
- C. Diseases – Wrong because they are normal traits.
- D. Mutations only – Wrong because they are common inherited traits.
Q26. The lowest part of the ear is called the
A. Pinna
B. Cochlea
C. Earlobe
D. Canal
Answer: C. Earlobe
- A. Pinna – Wrong because pinna is whole outer ear.
- B. Cochlea – Wrong because it is inner ear part.
- C. Earlobe – Correct anatomical term.
- D. Canal – Wrong because canal carries sound inward.
Q27. In inheritance, both parents contribute
A. Unequal genetic material
B. Equal genetic material
C. Only physical traits
D. Only chromosomes
Answer: B. Equal genetic material
- A. Unequal genetic material – Wrong because both give equal sets.
- B. Equal genetic material – Correct biological fact.
- C. Only physical traits – Wrong because genes are transferred.
- D. Only chromosomes – Wrong because genes are on chromosomes.
Q28. Each trait in a child has
A. One version
B. No versions
C. Two versions
D. Many versions
Answer: C. Two versions
- A. One version – Wrong because one comes from each parent.
- B. No versions – Wrong because traits exist genetically.
- C. Two versions – Correct (alleles).
- D. Many versions – Wrong because only two are inherited.
Q29. Traits in a child are influenced by
A. Only mother’s DNA
B. Only father’s DNA
C. Both maternal and paternal DNA
D. Environment only
Answer: C. Both maternal and paternal DNA
- A. Only mother’s DNA – Wrong because father contributes equally.
- B. Only father’s DNA – Wrong because mother contributes equally.
- C. Both maternal and paternal DNA – Correct inheritance rule.
- D. Environment only – Wrong because genes are primary.
Q30. The scientist who proposed rules of inheritance was
A. Darwin
B. Lamarck
C. Mendel
D. Watson
Answer: C. Mendel
- A. Darwin – Wrong because he proposed natural selection.
- B. Lamarck – Wrong because he proposed acquired traits.
- C. Mendel – Correct father of genetics.
- D. Watson – Wrong because he worked on DNA structure.
Q31. Mendel’s experiments were conducted more than
A. 50 years ago
B. 75 years ago
C. 100 years ago
D. 150 years ago
Answer: C. 100 years ago
- A. 50 years ago – Wrong because experiments were earlier.
- B. 75 years ago – Wrong because time period is longer.
- C. 100 years ago – Correct approximate time.
- D. 150 years ago – Wrong for NCERT context.
Q32. The rules of inheritance help explain
A. Growth rate
B. Body size
C. Trait expression
D. Nutrition
Answer: C. Trait expression
- A. Growth rate – Wrong because growth is physiological.
- B. Body size – Wrong because size depends on many factors.
- C. Trait expression – Correct focus of genetics.
- D. Nutrition – Wrong because it is environmental.
Q33. Two individuals of the same species differ mainly due to
A. Habitat
B. Acquired habits
C. Genetic variations
D. Food intake
Answer: C. Genetic variations
- A. Habitat – Wrong because habitat alone cannot change genes.
- B. Acquired habits – Wrong because habits are not inherited.
- C. Genetic variations – Correct scientific reason.
- D. Food intake – Wrong because diet does not alter DNA.
Q34. Accumulation of variations occurs over
A. One generation
B. Two generations
C. Many generations
D. One lifetime
Answer: C. Many generations
- A. One generation – Wrong because evolution is slow.
- B. Two generations – Wrong because more time is required.
- C. Many generations – Correct evolutionary principle.
- D. One lifetime – Wrong because inheritance spans generations.
Q35. In asexual reproduction, diversity generation is
A. Very high
B. Moderate
C. Very low
D. Absent
Answer: C. Very low
- A. Very high – Wrong because DNA remains similar.
- B. Moderate – Wrong because variation is minimal.
- C. Very low – Correct due to lack of recombination.
- D. Absent – Wrong because minor variations exist.
Q36. Sexual reproduction increases diversity by
A. Reducing DNA
B. Combining variations
C. Eliminating mutations
D. Preventing inheritance
Answer: B. Combining variations
- A. Reducing DNA – Wrong because DNA amount is maintained.
- B. Combining variations – Correct mechanism.
- C. Eliminating mutations – Wrong because mutations still occur.
- D. Preventing inheritance – Wrong because inheritance continues.
Q37. Variations that are harmful are usually
A. Preserved
B. Selected
C. Eliminated
D. Inherited always
Answer: C. Eliminated
- A. Preserved – Wrong because harmful traits reduce survival.
- B. Selected – Wrong because selection favours useful traits.
- C. Eliminated – Correct natural selection outcome.
- D. Inherited always – Wrong because they reduce fitness.
Q38. Useful variations are
A. Destroyed
B. Selected by environment
C. Ignored
D. Not inherited
Answer: B. Selected by environment
- A. Destroyed – Wrong because useful traits help survival.
- B. Selected by environment – Correct selection process.
- C. Ignored – Wrong because they affect survival.
- D. Not inherited – Wrong because they pass to next generation.
Q39. Variation is essential for
A. Individual survival only
B. Growth only
C. Species survival
D. Digestion
Answer: C. Species survival
- A. Individual survival only – Wrong because variation benefits population.
- B. Growth only – Wrong because growth is independent.
- C. Species survival – Correct evolutionary role.
- D. Digestion – Wrong because digestion is unrelated.
Q40. Greater diversity gives organisms
A. Uniformity
B. More chances of survival
C. Less stability
D. No advantage
Answer: B. More chances of survival
- A. Uniformity – Wrong because diversity increases differences.
- B. More chances of survival – Correct adaptive advantage.
- C. Less stability – Wrong because stability improves.
- D. No advantage – Wrong because diversity is beneficial.
Q41. Differences inherited from parents are called
A. Acquired traits
B. Learned traits
C. Inherited traits
D. Temporary traits
Answer: C. Inherited traits
- A. Acquired traits – Wrong because they are not genetic.
- B. Learned traits – Wrong because learning is environmental.
- C. Inherited traits – Correct genetic term.
- D. Temporary traits – Wrong because inherited traits are permanent.
Q42. The study of inheritance patterns is central to
A. Ecology
B. Genetics
C. Geography
D. Anatomy
Answer: B. Genetics
- A. Ecology – Wrong because it studies environment.
- B. Genetics – Correct science of inheritance.
- C. Geography – Wrong because it studies landforms.
- D. Anatomy – Wrong because it studies body structure.
Q43. In sexual reproduction, each individual is
A. Genetically identical
B. Genetically unique
C. Unchanged
D. Sterile
Answer: B. Genetically unique
- A. Genetically identical – Wrong because DNA mixes.
- B. Genetically unique – Correct outcome.
- C. Unchanged – Wrong because variation occurs.
- D. Sterile – Wrong because reproduction continues.
Q44. Minor DNA copying errors are a source of
A. Death only
B. No effect
C. Variation
D. Disease only
Answer: C. Variation
- A. Death only – Wrong because most errors are harmless.
- B. No effect – Wrong because they cause changes.
- C. Variation – Correct source of diversity.
- D. Disease only – Wrong because not all variations cause disease.
Q45. Accumulated variations over time lead to
A. Stability only
B. Evolution
C. Extinction only
D. No change
Answer: B. Evolution
- A. Stability only – Wrong because change occurs.
- B. Evolution – Correct long-term result.
- C. Extinction only – Wrong because survival is possible.
- D. No change – Wrong because populations evolve.
Q46. Heredity ensures continuity of
A. Environment
B. Traits
C. Nutrition
D. Energy
Answer: B. Traits
- A. Environment – Wrong because environment changes.
- B. Traits – Correct inheritance function.
- C. Nutrition – Wrong because diet is external.
- D. Energy – Wrong because energy is metabolic.
Q47. A trait seen in many individuals is likely to be
A. Recently formed
B. Harmful
C. Older in origin
D. Non-heritable
Answer: C. Older in origin
- A. Recently formed – Wrong because spread takes time.
- B. Harmful – Wrong because harmful traits disappear.
- C. Older in origin – Correct evolutionary inference.
- D. Non-heritable – Wrong because common traits are inherited.
Q48. Sexual reproduction is more effective in generating variation because
A. DNA copying is inaccurate
B. Two DNA sets combine
C. Cells divide faster
D. Growth is rapid
Answer: B. Two DNA sets combine
- A. DNA copying is inaccurate – Wrong because this occurs in both modes.
- B. Two DNA sets combine – Correct reason.
- C. Cells divide faster – Wrong because speed is irrelevant.
- D. Growth is rapid – Wrong because growth is unrelated.
Q49. The main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is
A. Growth rate
B. Number of parents involved
C. Body size
D. Nutrition
Answer: B. Number of parents involved
- A. Growth rate – Wrong because growth occurs in both.
- B. Number of parents involved – Correct defining difference.
- C. Body size – Wrong because size varies naturally.
- D. Nutrition – Wrong because nutrition is common to all.
Q50. Genetics helps us understand
A. Only body growth
B. Only diseases
C. Similarities and differences among individuals
D. Nutrition patterns
Answer: C. Similarities and differences among individuals
- A. Only body growth – Wrong because genetics is broader.
- B. Only diseases – Wrong because traits include normal features.
- C. Similarities and differences among individuals – Correct scope of genetics.
- D. Nutrition patterns – Wrong because nutrition is environmental.