Reproduction-A

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Q1. What is reproduction in living organisms?
Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms produce new individuals of their own kind. It ensures the continuation of species over generations. It is not related to making food, breathing, or moving, which are other life processes.

Q2. Which mode of reproduction involves only one parent?
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Fertilisation and pollination are processes that occur during sexual reproduction.

Q3. Which mode of reproduction requires two parents?
Sexual reproduction requires two parents—one male and one female—who contribute gametes (sperm and egg) to form a new individual. Asexual reproduction, vegetative propagation, and budding involve only one parent.

Q4. Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in plants?
Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants grow from parts like roots, stems, or leaves. Seed formation and fertilisation involve sexual reproduction, and pollination is the transfer of pollen.

Q5. Which part of a flower is the male reproductive organ?
The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower. It consists of the anther (which produces pollen) and the filament. The pistil is the female reproductive organ. Sepals and petals are non-reproductive parts.

Q6. Which part of a flower is the female reproductive organ?
The pistil is the female reproductive organ of a flower. It consists of the stigma, style, and ovary. The stamen is the male organ, and the anther and filament are parts of the stamen. The pistil contains ovules that develop into seeds after fertilisation.

Q7. What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote. It is a key step in sexual reproduction. Seed formation and plant growth occur after fertilisation, and pollination is the transfer of pollen.

Q8. Which cell is formed after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the fusion of male and female gametes forms a zygote. This is the first cell of the new individual. The zygote then divides and develops into an embryo. Pollen and ovules are gamete-containing structures, and the embryo sac is part of the ovule.

Q9. Which of the following animals gives birth to young ones?
Cows give birth to young ones (viviparous). Hens lay eggs (oviparous), frogs lay eggs in water, and lizards also lay eggs. Viviparous animals give birth to fully developed young ones.

Q10. Which of the following animals lays eggs?
Hens lay eggs (oviparous). Dogs, cats, and humans give birth to young ones (viviparous). Egg-laying is a characteristic of oviparous animals.

Q11. Which reproduction method occurs in Hydra?
Hydra reproduces asexually by budding. In budding, a small outgrowth (bud) forms on the parent body and eventually separates to become a new individual. Fragmentation occurs in some organisms like starfish, but Hydra uses budding.

Q12. Which plant reproduces by spores?
Ferns reproduce by spores, which are tiny single-celled reproductive units. Mango, rose, and wheat reproduce by seeds. Spore formation is common in non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses.

Q13. What is vegetative propagation?
Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants grow from parts of the parent plant like roots, stems, or leaves. It does not involve seeds, flowers, or fruits.

Q14. Which of the following is an example of vegetative propagation?
Potato reproduces by vegetative propagation through its tubers (modified stems). Rice, wheat, and maize reproduce by seeds. Potato is a common example of vegetative propagation.

Q15. Which cell is the male gamete in animals?
The male gamete in animals is the sperm cell. It is produced in the testes and fertilises the female gamete (egg). The egg is the female gamete, and the zygote and embryo are stages after fertilisation.

Q16. Which cell is the female gamete in animals?
The female gamete in animals is the egg (ovum). It is produced in the ovaries and is fertilised by the sperm to form a zygote. The sperm is the male gamete, and the zygote and embryo are later stages.

Q17. Where are sperm produced in human males?
Sperm are produced in the testes, which are the male reproductive organs. Ovaries produce eggs in females, the uterus is where the baby develops, and kidneys are not reproductive organs.

Q18. Where are eggs produced in human females?
Eggs are produced in the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs. The uterus is where the baby develops, and the liver and stomach are not reproductive organs. Ovaries release eggs during ovulation.

Q19. What is IVF?
IVF stands for In Vitro Fertilisation. It is a method where fertilisation occurs outside the body (in a lab). The zygote is then transferred to the uterus. It is not a disease, seed, or animal.

Q20. Test tube babies are produced by which method?
Test tube babies are produced by In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), where fertilisation occurs outside the body. Cloning is a different process, and budding and fragmentation are asexual reproduction methods.

Q21. Which animal shows asexual reproduction by fragmentation?
Starfish reproduces asexually by fragmentation, where a broken part of the body grows into a new individual. Dogs, cows, and cats reproduce sexually. Fragmentation is common in some marine animals and plants.

Q22. Which part of the stamen produces pollen?
The anther is the part of the stamen that produces pollen grains. The filament supports the anther. The ovary and stigma are parts of the pistil (female organ). Pollen contains the male gametes.

Q23. Which part of the pistil receives pollen?
The stigma is the part of the pistil that receives pollen during pollination. It is sticky to trap pollen grains. The ovary contains ovules, and the style connects the stigma to the ovary. Roots are not part of the flower.

Q24. Which type of reproduction produces identical offspring?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring (clones) to the parent because there is no fusion of gametes. Sexual reproduction, fertilisation, and IVF produce offspring with genetic variation.

Q25. Which plant reproduces through stem cutting?
Rose is commonly propagated by stem cuttings, where a part of the stem is planted to grow a new plant. Rice, wheat, and maize reproduce by seeds. Stem cutting is a form of vegetative propagation.

Q26. Which animal is viviparous?
Dogs are viviparous—they give birth to live young. Fish, hens, and frogs are oviparous (egg-laying). Viviparous animals have internal development of the embryo.

Q27. Which animal is oviparous?
Birds are oviparous—they lay eggs. Cows, humans, and cats are viviparous (give birth to live young). Oviparous animals lay eggs that develop outside the mother’s body.

Q28. What is the first stage of development after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the fusion of sperm and egg forms a zygote. This is the first cell of the new individual. It then develops into an embryo, then a foetus, and finally a baby.

Q29. Which structure connects the stigma to the ovary?
The style is the part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary. The anther and filament are parts of the stamen, and petals are non-reproductive parts. The style serves as a passage for pollen tubes.

Q30. Which part of the pistil contains ovules?
The ovary is the part of the pistil that contains ovules. Ovules develop into seeds after fertilisation. The stigma receives pollen, and the style connects the stigma to the ovary. Petals are not part of the pistil.

Q31. Which method is used to grow banana plants?
Banana plants are grown by vegetative propagation using suckers or rhizomes. They do not produce viable seeds for commercial cultivation. Spores and pollination are not used for bananas.

Q32. Which of the following is a type of asexual reproduction in yeast?
Yeast reproduces asexually by budding. A small bud forms on the parent cell and grows into a new individual. Fertilisation, pollination, and seed formation are not used by yeast, which is a unicellular fungus.

Q33. Which organ helps in the development of the baby in females?
The uterus is the organ where the baby develops during pregnancy. The ovary produces eggs, and the kidneys and liver are not reproductive organs. The uterus provides a protective environment for the growing foetus.

Q34. Which reproduction produces variation in offspring?
Sexual reproduction produces variation in offspring because it involves the fusion of gametes from two parents. Asexual reproduction, budding, and fragmentation produce identical offspring with no variation.

Q35. Which plant reproduces by leaves?
Bryophyllum reproduces by leaves. Adventitious buds grow on the margins of its leaves and develop into new plants. Rice, wheat, and mango reproduce by seeds. This is a type of vegetative propagation.

Q36. Which part of the male reproductive system produces sperm?
The testes are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. The uterus and ovaries are female reproductive organs, and the stomach is not reproductive.

Q37. Which part stores sperm in males?
The sperm duct (vas deferens) stores and transports sperm from the testes. The testes produce sperm, and the ovary and uterus are female reproductive organs. The sperm duct carries sperm for ejaculation.

Q38. What is the process of transfer of pollen from anther to stigma called?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower. Fertilisation occurs after pollination, and budding and fragmentation are asexual processes.

Q39. Which part develops into a seed after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the ovule develops into a seed. The ovary develops into the fruit. Petals, leaves, and stems are not involved in seed formation. This is an important step in the life cycle of flowering plants.

Q40. Which part develops into fruit after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seeds. The ovule becomes the seed. Stigma, style, and petals are not involved in fruit formation.

Q41. Which type of fertilisation occurs inside the female body?
Internal fertilisation occurs inside the female body, where the sperm fertilises the egg. This is common in humans, cows, and other mammals. External fertilisation occurs outside the body in animals like fish and frogs.

Q42. Which animals show external fertilisation?
Fish and frogs show external fertilisation, where eggs and sperm are released into water and fertilisation occurs outside the body. Dogs, cats, cows, goats, humans, and monkeys have internal fertilisation.

Q43. Which term is used for animals that give birth to babies?
Viviparous animals give birth to live young ones. Oviparous animals lay eggs. Asexual and spores are terms related to reproduction, not birth. Viviparous animals include humans, dogs, and cows.

Q44. Which term is used for egg-laying animals?
Oviparous animals lay eggs, which develop outside the mother’s body. Viviparous animals give birth to live young. Asexual and budding are modes of reproduction, not categories of birth. Birds, fish, frogs, and insects are oviparous.

Q45. What is the main aim of reproduction?
The main aim of reproduction is to continue the species by producing new individuals. It ensures survival of the species over generations. It is not for increasing size, getting food, or moving.

Q46. Which animal reproduces by laying eggs in water?
Frogs reproduce by laying eggs in water. They show external fertilisation. Dogs, cats, and cows have internal fertilisation and give birth to live young. Frogs are oviparous amphibians.

Q47. What is the early developing stage of a baby called?
The early developing stage of a baby is called the embryo. It develops from the zygote after fertilisation. The zygote is the first cell, and the foetus is a later stage. Seeds and spores are plant structures.

Q48. Which structure protects the baby inside the mother?
The uterus is the organ that protects the developing baby inside the mother. It provides a safe, nourishing environment for the embryo and foetus. The liver, heart, and kidneys are not reproductive organs.

Q49. Which is an example of sexual reproduction in plants?
Seed formation is an example of sexual reproduction in plants because it involves fertilisation of male and female gametes. Stem cutting, leaf buds, and root growth are forms of vegetative propagation (asexual).

Q50. What happens after fertilisation in humans?
After fertilisation, the sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote. This zygote divides and develops into an embryo, then a foetus, and eventually a baby. It is not immediate, and the egg does not disappear or grow into sperm.