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Q1. What is the first stage in the development of a baby after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the sperm and egg fuse to form a single cell called a zygote. This is the very first stage of development. It then divides and develops into an embryo, then a foetus, and finally an infant. The zygote is the foundational cell of the new individual.
Q2. What does the zygote develop into next?
After the zygote is formed, it undergoes repeated cell division and develops into an embryo. The embryo is an early stage of development where the basic body plan begins to form. This is the next stage after the zygote in both plants and animals.
Q3. What is an embryo?
An embryo is an early stage in the development of a multicellular organism. It follows the zygote stage and precedes the foetus stage. In humans, the embryo develops inside the uterus, and its cells begin to differentiate to form tissues and organs.
Q4. What is the stage after embryo called in humans?
In human development, the stage after the embryo is called the foetus. It is the stage where the developing baby’s body parts become more recognisable, and it continues to grow until birth. This stage begins about the eighth week after fertilisation and lasts until birth.
Q5. Where does the embryo develop in humans?
The embryo develops inside the uterus, which is a hollow, muscular organ in the female reproductive system. It provides a safe and nourishing environment for the developing embryo and foetus, protecting it and supplying it with nutrients and oxygen.
Q6. Which stage comes just before birth?
The foetus is the stage that comes just before birth. At this stage, the developing baby is fully formed and continues to grow and mature inside the uterus. After the foetal stage, the baby is delivered (birth). The zygote and embryo are earlier stages.
Q7. Which organism reproduces by budding?
Hydra is a simple aquatic organism that reproduces by budding. In this process, a small outgrowth called a bud forms on the parent’s body and develops into a new individual. Dogs, cats, and cows reproduce sexually.
Q8. What is budding in Hydra?
Budding in Hydra involves the formation of a small outgrowth or bud on the parent’s body. This bud grows, develops into a new Hydra, and eventually separates from the parent to live independently. It is a form of asexual reproduction.
Q9. Which type of reproduction is budding?
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction because it involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It does not involve the fusion of gametes or fertilisation. Pollination and fertilisation are part of sexual reproduction.
Q10. What happens to the bud in Hydra after it grows fully?
Once the bud in Hydra grows fully and develops into a new Hydra, it separates from the parent organism and begins to live independently. It becomes a mature individual capable of feeding, growing, and reproducing on its own.
Q11. Which process is used by Amoeba to reproduce?
Amoeba reproduces by binary fission, a type of asexual reproduction. In this process, the single-celled organism divides into two equal daughter cells. Each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent. Binary fission is a simple and rapid method of reproduction.
Q12. What is binary fission?
Binary fission is a process in which a single cell divides into two equal, identical daughter cells. This is the primary method of reproduction in many unicellular organisms like Amoeba and bacteria. It is a form of asexual reproduction.
Q13. Which organism reproduces by binary fission?
Amoeba reproduces by binary fission, where the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Hydra reproduces by budding, and cows and humans reproduce sexually. Binary fission is common in unicellular organisms.
Q14. In binary fission, how many new cells are formed?
In binary fission, one parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Both cells are identical to the parent and to each other. This is why it is called ‘binary’ (meaning two). Each daughter cell has a copy of the parent’s genetic material.
Q15. What happens to the nucleus in binary fission?
In binary fission, the nucleus of the parent cell divides into two nuclei. This is followed by the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells, each with its own nucleus. The genetic material is duplicated and distributed equally.
Q16. Who was Dolly?
Dolly was a sheep, and she is famous for being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. She was created by scientists in Scotland in 1996. Dolly showed that it was possible to produce a genetically identical copy of an adult animal.
Q17. Why is Dolly famous?
Dolly is famous because she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. This was a major scientific achievement that showed that an adult cell could be used to create a whole new organism. It opened new possibilities in cloning research.
Q18. What does cloning mean?
Cloning is the process of making genetically identical copies of a living organism or cell. The clone has the same DNA as the original organism. Dolly the sheep is the most famous example of animal cloning.
Q19. Dolly was cloned in which country?
Dolly was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1996. The scientists were led by Ian Wilmut. This was a breakthrough in biotechnology and was reported worldwide.
Q20. Dolly was a clone of which animal?
Dolly was a sheep. She was cloned from a cell taken from an adult sheep. This made her an identical copy of the original sheep. She is the most famous cloned animal in history.
Q21. What type of reproduction is cloning similar to?
Cloning is similar to asexual reproduction because it produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism. It involves only one parent and does not require fusion of gametes. Cloning produces a copy, not a new combination of genes.
Q22. What is external fertilisation?
External fertilisation occurs when the fusion of male and female gametes takes place outside the body of the female. This typically happens in aquatic environments where eggs and sperm are released into the water. It is common in fish and amphibians.
Q23. Which animals show external fertilisation?
Fish show external fertilisation, where eggs and sperm are released into the water and fertilisation occurs outside the body. Dogs, cats, and humans have internal fertilisation. External fertilisation is common in aquatic animals.
Q24. Which animal shows external fertilisation in water?
Frogs show external fertilisation in water. The female releases eggs and the male releases sperm into the water, where fertilisation takes place. This is typical of many amphibians and fish. Cows, goats, and horses have internal fertilisation.
Q25. Where does external fertilisation usually take place?
External fertilisation usually takes place in water because the gametes need a moist environment to survive and swim. The water medium allows the sperm to reach the eggs. This is common in aquatic animals like fish and frogs.
Q26. Which stage develops after the foetus?
After the foetus stage, the baby is born. The foetus has developed all the major organs and body parts and is ready to live outside the mother’s body. Birth is the next stage after the foetal development is complete.
Q27. Which stage comes first: embryo or foetus?
The embryo stage comes first in development. After fertilisation, the zygote becomes an embryo. The embryo develops into a foetus at around the eighth week. So the embryo is an earlier stage than the foetus.
Q28. Which process involves only one parent cell dividing?
Binary fission involves a single parent cell dividing into two identical daughter cells. Fertilisation, pollination, and IVF involve the union of male and female gametes and require two parents or gametes. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction.
Q29. Which organism shows both sexual and asexual reproduction?
Hydra can reproduce both asexually (by budding) and sexually. This flexibility allows Hydra to survive in different conditions. Amoeba reproduces only asexually, and fish and cows reproduce sexually. Hydra is a good example of organisms with both modes.
Q30. What grows on Hydra during budding?
During budding in Hydra, a small outgrowth called a bud forms on the body of the parent. This bud grows and develops into a new individual. Seeds, leaves, and roots are not involved in this asexual process.
Q31. Which part of the Amoeba divides during binary fission?
In binary fission, the nucleus of the Amoeba divides first, followed by the division of the cytoplasm. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a copy of the genetic material. The nucleus is the control centre of the cell and is essential for reproduction.
Q32. What is the main aim of cloning?
The main aim of cloning is to produce organisms that are genetically identical to the original organism. Cloning is used in research, agriculture, and medicine to create copies of desirable traits. It is not related to seeds, plants, or eggs.
Q33. Which stage is the smallest in baby development?
The zygote is the smallest stage in baby development. It is a single cell formed after fertilisation. The embryo, foetus, baby, and adult stages are larger and more developed. The zygote is the starting point of development.
Q34. Which stage shows development of body parts?
In the embryo stage, the basic body parts begin to develop. Cells start to differentiate into tissues and organs. The zygote is a single cell, and seeds and spores are plant reproductive structures, not animal development stages.
Q35. Which method is faster: budding or sexual reproduction?
Budding is faster than sexual reproduction. It involves simple growth and division of a bud from the parent. Sexual reproduction requires finding a mate, gamete formation, fertilisation, and development, which takes more time and energy.
Q36. What is the result of budding?
Budding results in two identical organisms—the parent and the new individual. The new individual is genetically identical to the parent, making it a clone. Seeds, eggs, and spores are not produced by budding.
Q37. What is the main feature of binary fission?
The main feature of binary fission is that one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It involves only one parent and is a simple, rapid form of asexual reproduction. Seeds and eggs are not involved.
Q38. What do we call the developing baby inside the uterus after some weeks?
After several weeks of development, the embryo becomes a foetus. This stage begins around the eighth week of pregnancy. The foetus has recognisable body parts and continues to grow until birth. The zygote and embryo are earlier stages.
Q39. Which stage lasts for the longest time in baby development?
The foetus stage lasts the longest in human development, from about the eighth week of pregnancy until birth (around 40 weeks). It is the final stage before birth. The zygote and embryo are earlier, shorter stages.
Q40. Which scientist’s work led to the creation of Dolly?
Dolly was created by scientists in Scotland, led by Ian Wilmut. They were researchers in the field of cloning and biotechnology. It was their scientific work that led to the successful cloning of a sheep.
Q41. What is needed for external fertilisation?
External fertilisation requires water because the gametes need a moist environment to survive and swim. In water, sperm can swim to reach the eggs. Soil, air, and sunlight are not needed for external fertilisation.
Q42. Which is an example of asexual reproduction?
Budding in Hydra is an example of asexual reproduction because it involves only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring. Birth in humans, seed formation, and egg laying in birds involve sexual reproduction with two parents.
Q43. Which cell division helps in binary fission?
Binary fission involves the splitting of a single cell into two equal daughter cells. This is a simple form of cell division. Pollination, fertilisation, and cloning are different processes. Binary fission is the division of one cell into two.
Q44. What happens to the embryo with time?
As the embryo develops and grows, it becomes a foetus. This is the next stage in human development. The embryo does not disappear, become a seed, or become a root; it continues to mature inside the uterus.
Q45. Which stage shows heartbeat in developing baby?
The heartbeat can be detected in the foetus stage. The heart develops during the embryo stage but becomes fully functional and detectable in the foetus. The zygote is too early, and eggs and spores are not stages with hearts.
Q46. Which organism divides into two by binary fission?
Amoeba divides into two by binary fission. This is how this unicellular organism reproduces. Hydra reproduces by budding, and dogs and humans reproduce sexually.
Q47. What is the final stage of baby development before birth?
The foetus is the final stage of development before birth. After all organs are formed and the baby has grown, it is born. The zygote, embryo, and egg are earlier stages or not part of human development.
Q48. What type of offspring is produced in binary fission?
Binary fission produces two identical daughter cells. Since no genetic material is exchanged, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent and to each other. This is why it is considered asexual reproduction.
Q49. Which process produces many organisms quickly?
Binary fission is a rapid process because a single parent cell divides into two, and these cells can continue dividing quickly. This allows populations of organisms like bacteria to multiply rapidly. Sexual reproduction, pollination, and fertilisation take longer.
Q50. Which is the correct order of baby development?
The correct order of baby development is: Zygote (first cell), Embryo (early development), Foetus (later development with body parts), and Baby (birth). This sequence follows the natural progression of human development from fertilisation to birth.