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Q1. A flower that contains both stamens and pistils in the same flower is called:
A bisexual flower contains both male (stamens) and female (pistils) reproductive organs in the same flower. Unisexual flowers have either stamens or pistils but not both. Incomplete flowers are missing one or more whorls, and neutral flowers have no reproductive parts. Bisexual is the correct term.
Q2. A flower that contains either stamens or pistils but not both is called:
A unisexual flower contains either stamens (male) or pistils (female) but not both. Bisexual and perfect flowers have both, and complete flowers have all four whorls. Unisexual is the correct term for flowers with only one type of reproductive organ.
Q3. A plant that has both male and female flowers on the same plant is called:
A monoecious plant has both male and female flowers on the same plant (e.g., maize, cucumber). Dioecious plants have male and female flowers on separate plants. Hermaphrodite refers to organisms with both male and female reproductive organs, and asexual is not a classification for this. Monoecious is the correct term.
Q4. A plant that has male flowers on one plant and female flowers on a separate plant is called:
A dioecious plant has male flowers on one plant and female flowers on a separate plant (e.g., papaya, date palm). Monoecious plants have both on the same plant, bisexual flowers have both in the same flower, and hermaphrodite is another term for bisexual. Dioecious is the correct term.
Q5. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower is called:
Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. Cross-pollination is between different flowers, geitonogamy is between different flowers on the same plant, and xenogamy is between different plants. Self-pollination is the correct term.
Q6. The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species is called:
Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen between different plants of the same species. Self-pollination is within the same flower, autogamy is a type of self-pollination, and geitonogamy is between flowers on the same plant. Cross-pollination is the correct term.
Q7. Which of the following is an advantage of self-pollination?
Self-pollination ensures reproduction even when pollinators are absent because it does not depend on external agents. It does not produce genetic diversity (that’s cross-pollination), does not require external agents, and offspring are not necessarily stronger or more adaptable. The advantage is reliability in the absence of pollinators.
Q8. Which of the following is an advantage of cross-pollination?
Cross-pollination produces offspring with greater genetic diversity, which helps populations adapt to changing environments and resist diseases. It does require external agents, does not always produce more seeds, and does not preserve traits unchanged (that’s vegetative propagation). Genetic diversity is the main advantage.
Q9. The process of fusion of male and female gametes in plants is called:
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. Pollination is the transfer of pollen, germination is the growth of a seed, and regeneration is regrowth of lost parts. Fertilization is the correct term for gamete fusion.
Q10. In flowering plants, the fusion of one male gamete with the egg cell produces the:
In flowering plants, one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote. The zygote develops into the embryo. The other male gamete fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm. The pollen tube carries the male gametes, and the seed coat develops from the ovule’s integuments.
Q11. In flowering plants, the fusion of the other male gamete with the two polar nuclei produces the:
In flowering plants, the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo. The zygote forms from the fusion of one male gamete with the egg, and the seed coat develops from the ovule’s integuments.
Q12. After fertilization, the ovule develops into the:
After fertilization, the ovule develops into the seed. The ovary develops into the fruit. The flower is the reproductive structure, and pollen grains contain male gametes. The ovule becomes the seed, containing the embryo.
Q13. After fertilization, the ovary develops into the:
After fertilization, the ovary develops into the fruit. The ovule develops into the seed. The embryo is inside the seed, and the endosperm is a nutritive tissue. The fruit protects the seeds and aids in their dispersal.
Q14. The young, undeveloped plant inside a seed is called the:
The embryo is the young, undeveloped plant inside a seed. It consists of the radicle (root), plumule (shoot), and cotyledons. The endosperm provides nourishment, cotyledons are seed leaves, and the seed coat protects the seed. Embryo is the correct term.
Q15. The process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant is called:
Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant under suitable conditions. Pollination is pollen transfer, fertilization is gamete fusion, and regeneration is regrowth. Germination is the correct answer.
Q16. The part of the embryo that develops into the root system is called the:
The radicle is the part of the embryo that develops into the root system. The plumule develops into the shoot system (stem and leaves), cotyledons are seed leaves, and the hypocotyl is the part between the radicle and cotyledons. Radicle is the correct answer.
Q17. The part of the embryo that develops into the shoot system (stem and leaves) is called the:
The plumule is the part of the embryo that develops into the shoot system (stem and leaves). The radicle develops into the root, cotyledons are seed leaves, and endosperm is a nutritive tissue. Plumule is the correct answer.
Q18. The seed leaves that may store food or absorb food from the endosperm are called:
Cotyledons are seed leaves that may store food or absorb food from the endosperm. In dicots, they often store food; in monocots, they absorb food from the endosperm. The plumule and radicle are embryonic structures, and the hypocotyl is the stem below the cotyledons. Cotyledons is the correct term.
Q19. The process by which a plant regrows lost or damaged body parts is called:
Regeneration is the process by which a plant regrows lost or damaged body parts. Pollination, fertilization, and germination are reproductive processes. Regeneration is the correct term for regrowth.
Q20. The process by which seeds are carried away from the parent plant to new locations is called:
Dispersal is the process by which seeds are carried away from the parent plant to new locations. Pollination is pollen transfer, fertilization is gamete fusion, and germination is seed growth. Dispersal is the correct term.
Q21. Seeds that have wing-like structures or parachute-like hairs are adapted for dispersal by:
Seeds with wing-like structures or parachute-like hairs are adapted for wind dispersal. Examples include maple seeds (wings) and dandelion seeds (parachute hairs). Water dispersal uses floating adaptations, animals use hooks or sticky surfaces, and explosive mechanisms eject seeds forcefully.
Q22. Coconuts are adapted for dispersal by:
Coconuts are adapted for dispersal by water because they have a fibrous, buoyant husk that allows them to float and be carried by ocean currents. Wind, animals, and explosive mechanisms are not the primary means of dispersal for coconuts.
Q23. Seeds that have hooks, spines, or sticky surfaces are adapted for dispersal by:
Seeds with hooks, spines, or sticky surfaces are adapted for dispersal by animals through external attachment. They cling to the fur or feathers of animals and are carried to new locations. Wind, water, and explosive mechanisms are different dispersal methods.
Q24. Seeds that are ejected forcefully from the parent plant when the fruit dries and splits are adapted for dispersal by:
Seeds that are ejected forcefully from the parent plant when the fruit dries and splits are adapted for dispersal by explosive mechanism. Examples include peas and beans. Wind, water, and animal dispersal are different mechanisms. Explosive mechanism is the correct answer.
Q25. The process of double fertilization produces a zygote that is:
In double fertilization, the fusion of one male gamete (n) with the egg cell (n) produces a diploid (2n) zygote. The other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid (3n) endosperm. The zygote is diploid (2n), not haploid, triploid, or tetraploid.
Q26. A plant that has bisexual flowers but still promotes cross-pollination because the anthers and stigma mature at different times is exhibiting:
Dichogamy is a condition where the anthers and stigma of a bisexual flower mature at different times, promoting cross-pollination. Protandry (anthers mature first) and protogyny (stigma matures first) are types of dichogamy. Cleistogamy involves self-pollination in closed flowers, and apomixis is asexual seed formation. Dichogamy is the correct term.
Q27. In a dioecious plant, fruit production requires:
In dioecious plants, male and female flowers are on separate plants. For fruit production, pollen must be transferred from male plants to female plants, so both are required. Only female plants cannot produce fruit without pollination. Cross-pollination between male and female plants is necessary.
Q28. The endosperm in angiosperm seeds is:
The endosperm in angiosperm seeds is triploid (3n) because it is formed by the fusion of one male gamete (n) with two polar nuclei (n + n). This is a unique feature of angiosperms (double fertilization). The zygote is diploid (2n). The endosperm is triploid.
Q29. The seed coat (testa) develops from the:
The seed coat (testa) develops from the integuments of the ovule. The ovary wall becomes the fruit wall (pericarp), the endosperm is a nutritive tissue, and the embryo develops from the zygote. The integuments surround and protect the ovule, and after fertilization, they become the seed coat.
Q30. A flower that never opens and self-pollinates inside the closed bud is exhibiting:
Cleistogamy is the condition where a flower never opens and self-pollinates inside the closed bud. Chasmogamy is open flowers that allow cross-pollination, dichogamy is maturation at different times, and herkogamy is physical separation of anthers and stigma. Cleistogamy is the correct term for closed, self-pollinating flowers.