Nutrition in Animals -

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Q1. The type of nutrition where animals obtain food by eating other organisms is called DEFINITION

• Autotrophic nutrition

• Heterotrophic nutrition

• Parasitic nutrition

• Symbiotic nutrition

Answer: Heterotrophic nutrition

Animals, unlike green plants, cannot make their own food. They depend directly or indirectly on plants or other animals for food. This mode of nutrition is called heterotrophic nutrition.

Q2. An animal with a long, sticky tongue to catch ants and termites is the EXAMPLE BASED

• Eagle

• Snake

• Anteater

• Frog

Answer: Anteater

An anteater has a long, tubular snout and a very long, sticky tongue. It uses its tongue to lick up ants and termites from their nests. This is a specialized mode of feeding.

Q3. An animal that filters tiny food particles from water is the EXAMPLE BASED

• Eagle

• Snail

• Starfish

• Whale

Answer: Whale

Some whales, like the blue whale, have a filtering system called baleen plates. They take in a huge mouthful of water and then push it out through the plates. The tiny organisms like krill get trapped and are then swallowed.

Q4. A snail uses its file-like tongue to FACT

• Bite

• Chew

• Scrape

• Suck

Answer: Scrape

Snails have a special organ called a radula, which acts like a file. They use it to scrape algae or plant material from surfaces. This mode of feeding is called scraping.

Q5. The chewed, moistened ball of food that is formed in the mouth is called a DEFINITION

• Chyme

• Bolus

• Faeces

• Villi

Answer: Bolus

When we chew food, it is mixed with saliva. The tongue helps roll this moistened food into a small, soft ball. This ball of food is called a bolus, which is then swallowed.

Q6. The rhythmic contraction of muscles in the walls of the alimentary canal that pushes food forward is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Peristalsis

• Egestion

Answer: Peristalsis

Even if you stand on your head, the food you swallow still reaches your stomach. This is because of peristalsis, the wave-like muscular contractions. These contractions occur all along the alimentary canal.

Q7. A vestigial organ in the human body is the FACT

• Liver

• Stomach

• Appendix

• Small intestine

Answer: Appendix

Vestigial organs are parts of the body that no longer function. The appendix in humans is an example of a vestigial organ. It may have helped our ancestors digest raw plant material, but it is not needed now.

Q8. The part of the tooth visible above the gums is called the DEFINITION

• Root

• Crown

• Enamel

• Neck

Answer: Crown

A tooth has different parts. The part we can see in the mouth is the crown. It is covered by a very hard layer called enamel. The root of the tooth is fixed inside the jawbone.

Q9. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which acts on FACT

• Only carbohydrates

• Only proteins

• Only fats

• All components of food

Answer: All components of food

The pancreas is a large gland located below the stomach. It secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine. This juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Q10. If we get a cut in our mouth, it heals faster than a cut on our skin. This is because REASONING

• Saliva contains an enzyme that kills bacteria.

• The mouth has more blood supply.

• The tongue helps clean the cut.

• Teeth prevent infection.

Answer: Saliva contains an enzyme that kills bacteria.

Saliva contains a protein called lysozyme. Lysozyme is an enzyme with antibacterial properties. It helps to kill some of the bacteria that enter the mouth, thus protecting the mouth’s lining and helping cuts heal faster.

Q11. The process of taking food into the body is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Ingestion

• Absorption

• Egestion

Answer: Ingestion

Ingestion is the first step of nutrition, where an organism takes in food. Different animals have different modes of ingestion based on their habitat and food habits. For example, a human uses his mouth to ingest food.

Q12. An organism that breaks down its food outside the body before consuming it is the EXAMPLE BASED

• Eagle

• Housefly

• Butterfly

• Ant

Answer: Housefly

The housefly has a unique mode of feeding. It secretes saliva on solid food to dissolve and soften it. It then sucks up the liquid or semi-liquid food using its proboscis.

Q13. The mode of taking in food by a hummingbird is FACT

• Scraping

• Chewing

• Sucking

• Siphoning

Answer: Sucking

Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. They have long, slender beaks that help them suck the nectar. This is a specialized mode of feeding called sucking.

Q14. Animals like lice that live on other organisms and feed on their blood are called EXAMPLE BASED

• Parasites

• Scavengers

• Predators

• Decomposers

Answer: Parasites

Lice are parasites that live on the body of hosts like humans or animals. They have piercing mouthparts to suck blood. This mode of feeding is called sucking.

Q15. The mode of feeding in an ant is FACT

• Sucking

• Chewing

• Scraping

• Filtering

Answer: Chewing

Ants have strong mandibles that help them chew solid food particles. They carry food pieces back to their colony. Chewing is a common mode of feeding in many insects.

Q16. A bird of prey that tears the flesh of its victims with its strong beak is the EXAMPLE BASED

• Hummingbird

• Sparrow

• Eagle

• Duck

Answer: Eagle

Eagles are carnivorous birds. They have sharp, curved beaks and strong talons to catch and tear their prey. This mode of feeding is called capturing and tearing.

Q17. The mode of feeding in a mosquito is FACT

• Chewing

• Biting

• Sucking

• Scraping

Answer: Sucking

Female mosquitoes have a proboscis that pierces the skin. They suck blood from animals and humans. Male mosquitoes feed on plant nectar using the same sucking method.

Q18. The mode of feeding in a butterfly is FACT

• Chewing

• Sucking

• Siphoning

• Sponging

Answer: Siphoning

Butterflies have a long, coiled tube-like mouthpart called a proboscis. They uncoil this proboscis to sip nectar from deep within flowers. This specialized mode is called siphoning.

Q19. A starfish pushes out its stomach to digest its prey FACT

• Inside its body

• Outside its body

• In its mouth

• In its intestine

Answer: Outside its body

The starfish has a unique way of eating. It envelops its prey, like a clam, and pushes its stomach out through its mouth. It digests the soft parts of the prey outside its body and then sucks up the nutrients.

Q20. The long tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus is called the DEFINITION

• Food pipe

• Wind pipe

• Alimentary canal

• Buccal cavity

Answer: Alimentary canal

The alimentary canal is the entire passage through which food travels in our body. It includes the mouth, food pipe, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. It is also known as the digestive tract.

Q21. The process of breakdown of complex food substances into simpler substances is called DEFINITION

• Ingestion

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Assimilation

Answer: Digestion

Digestion is the main step in nutrition where food is broken down. This breakdown can be mechanical (chewing) or chemical (with enzymes). The goal is to make food small enough to be absorbed by the body.

Q22. The part of the alimentary canal where food enters from the mouth is called the DEFINITION

• Stomach

• Food pipe

• Buccal cavity

• Small intestine

Answer: Buccal cavity

The buccal cavity is another name for the mouth cavity. It contains the teeth and tongue. It is where the first step of digestion begins.

Q23. The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach is called the DEFINITION

• Windpipe

• Food pipe

• Small intestine

• Large intestine

Answer: Food pipe

The food pipe is also known as the esophagus. It is a muscular tube that connects the buccal cavity to the stomach. It pushes the food down by rhythmic muscular contractions.

Q24. The process by which the walls of the food pipe push the food down is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Peristalsis

• Egestion

Answer: Peristalsis

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions. It occurs in the walls of the food pipe and other hollow organs. This movement pushes the food forward through the alimentary canal.

Q25. The largest gland in the human body is the FACT

• Pancreas

• Salivary gland

• Liver

• Stomach

Answer: Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the body. It secretes a greenish-yellow fluid called bile. Bile helps in the digestion of fats.

Q26. The finger-like outgrowths in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption are called DEFINITION

• Villi

• Rugae

• Taste buds

• Pores

Answer: Villi

Villi are tiny, finger-like projections present in the inner wall of the small intestine. They greatly increase the surface area for absorption. Blood vessels inside the villi absorb the digested food and carry it to all parts of the body.

Q27. The process of taking in digested food into the bloodstream is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Assimilation

• Egestion

Answer: Absorption

Absorption is the process where digested food passes through the walls of the small intestine. The food enters the blood and lymph vessels. Villi play a crucial role in this process.

Q28. The process by which absorbed food is used by the body for energy, growth, and repair is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Assimilation

• Egestion

Answer: Assimilation

Assimilation is the final step where nutrients are utilized by the body. For example, glucose is used to produce energy in cells. Amino acids are used to build and repair muscles.

Q29. The removal of undigested food from the body is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Excretion

• Egestion

Answer: Egestion

Egestion is the process of removing waste food material from the body. This waste, called feces, passes out through the anus. It should not be confused with excretion, which is the removal of metabolic waste.

Q30. The first set of teeth that grows during infancy is called DEFINITION

• Permanent teeth

• Milk teeth

• Incisors

• Molars

Answer: Milk teeth

Milk teeth are temporary teeth. They start appearing around 6-8 months of age. A child has 20 milk teeth, which begin to fall off by age 6-8.

Q31. The set of teeth that replaces the milk teeth in humans is called DEFINITION

• Milk teeth

• Permanent teeth

• Temporary teeth

• Deciduous teeth

Answer: Permanent teeth

Permanent teeth are the second and final set of teeth. They replace the milk teeth as a child grows. An adult human has 32 permanent teeth.

Q32. The glands that secrete saliva in the mouth are called DEFINITION

• Gastric glands

• Salivary glands

• Liver

• Pancreas

Answer: Salivary glands

Salivary glands are present in the mouth. They secrete saliva which contains an enzyme called salivary amylase. This enzyme helps in the digestion of starch.

Q33. The enzyme present in saliva that breaks down starch into sugar is DEFINITION

• Pepsin

• Trypsin

• Salivary amylase

• Lipase

Answer: Salivary amylase

Salivary amylase is a digestive enzyme found in saliva. It acts on cooked starch (like that in bread or potato). It breaks the starch down into simpler sugars like maltose.

Q34. If you chew a piece of bread for a few minutes, it starts tasting sweet. This is because REASONING

• Saliva makes the bread salty.

• Saliva breaks starch into sugar.

• The bread gets old.

• The teeth change the taste.

Answer: Saliva breaks starch into sugar.

Bread contains starch which is not sweet. Saliva contains an enzyme, salivary amylase, that breaks down starch into sugar. This is why the bread begins to taste sweet after chewing for a while.

Q35. The acid present in our stomach that helps in killing bacteria and creating an acidic medium is FACT

• Sulphuric acid

• Nitric acid

• Hydrochloric acid

• Citric acid

Answer: Hydrochloric acid

The stomach wall secretes hydrochloric acid. It makes the stomach environment acidic. This acid kills many bacteria that enter with food and helps digestive enzymes work.

Q36. The organ that stores bile juice is called the FACT

• Liver

• Stomach

• Gall bladder

• Pancreas

Answer: Gall bladder

The liver produces bile, but it is stored in a small, sac-like organ called the gall bladder. From the gall bladder, bile is released into the small intestine when needed. Bile helps in the digestion of fats.

Q37. The semi-digested, acidic food that comes from the stomach is called DEFINITION

• Chyle

• Bolus

• Chyme

• Faeces

Answer: Chyme

When food is mixed with gastric juices in the stomach, it becomes a semi-fluid, acidic paste. This paste is known as chyme. It is then passed slowly into the small intestine.

Q38. The part of the large intestine that has a small, finger-like structure called the appendix is the FACT

• Caecum

• Rectum

• Anus

• Colon

Answer: Caecum

The first part of the large intestine is a small pouch called the caecum. Attached to the caecum is a small, finger-like structure called the appendix. In humans, the appendix is a vestigial organ and does not help in digestion.

Q39. The last part of the large intestine which stores undigested food (feces) is called the DEFINITION

• Anus

• Rectum

• Colon

• Caecum

Answer: Rectum

The rectum is the final section of the large intestine. It acts as a temporary storage area for feces (undigested waste). It opens to the outside of the body through the anus.

Q40. The opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which undigested food is egested is called the DEFINITION

• Mouth

• Rectum

• Anus

• Buccal cavity

Answer: Anus

The anus is the external opening of the digestive tract. It is the last part of the alimentary canal. Feces are expelled from the body through the anus in the process of egestion.

Q41. The teeth used for cutting and biting food are called FACT

• Canines

• Premolars

• Incisors

• Molars

Answer: Incisors

Incisors are the front teeth in the mouth. They are sharp and chisel-shaped. Their main function is to cut and bite off pieces of food.

Q42. The teeth used for tearing food are called FACT

• Incisors

• Canines

• Premolars

• Molars

Answer: Canines

Canines are the pointed teeth just next to the incisors. They are well-developed in carnivores for tearing flesh. In humans, they are used for tearing pieces of food.

Q43. The flat teeth at the back of the mouth used for grinding and chewing food are called FACT

• Incisors

• Canines

• Premolars and Molars

• Canines and Incisors

Answer: Premolars and Molars

Premolars and molars are the teeth at the back of the mouth. They have broad, flat surfaces. These surfaces are perfect for grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces.

Q44. Tooth decay is caused by the action of REASONING

• Bacteria in the mouth

• Worms in the teeth

• Lack of calcium in diet

• Drinking too much water

Answer: Bacteria in the mouth

The mouth normally has many bacteria. When we eat sweets or sugary foods, the bacteria break down the sugar to form acid. This acid attacks the enamel of the teeth, causing tooth decay.

Q45. The hardest substance in the human body is FACT

• Bone

• Enamel

• Cartilage

• Nail

Answer: Enamel

Enamel is the outer, visible covering of a tooth. It is the hardest substance in the human body, even harder than bone. Its hardness protects the tooth from the wear and tear of chewing.

Q46. A small, worm-like structure attached to the large intestine that has no specific digestive function in humans is the DEFINITION

• Liver

• Pancreas

• Villi

• Appendix

Answer: Appendix

The appendix is a narrow, finger-shaped tube attached to the first part of the large intestine. In humans, it is a vestigial organ. It does not play a role in digestion and can sometimes get inflamed, a condition called appendicitis.

Q47. The muscular bag-like organ that churns food and mixes it with digestive juices is called the DEFINITION

• Food pipe

• Stomach

• Small intestine

• Large intestine

Answer: Stomach

The stomach is a J-shaped, muscular organ. It churns the food, mixing it with gastric juices. The acid and enzymes in the gastric juices begin the digestion of proteins.

Q48. The part of the alimentary canal where the maximum digestion and absorption of food takes place is the DEFINITION

• Stomach

• Large intestine

• Small intestine

• Mouth

Answer: Small intestine

The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal. It receives secretions from the liver and pancreas, which complete the digestion of all food components. Its inner walls are lined with villi, which absorb the digested food.

Q49. The part of the alimentary canal where water is absorbed from the undigested food is the DEFINITION

• Stomach

• Small intestine

• Large intestine

• Food pipe

Answer: Large intestine

The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and minerals from the undigested food. It turns the liquid waste into semi-solid feces. This process helps the body retain water.

Q50. The type of nutrition where animals obtain food by eating other organisms is called DEFINITION

• Autotrophic nutrition

• Heterotrophic nutrition

• Parasitic nutrition

• Symbiotic nutrition

Answer: Heterotrophic nutrition

Animals, unlike green plants, cannot make their own food. They depend directly or indirectly on plants or other animals for food. This mode of nutrition is called heterotrophic nutrition.

Q51. An animal with a long, sticky tongue to catch ants and termites is the EXAMPLE BASED

• Eagle

• Snake

• Anteater

• Frog

Answer: Anteater

An anteater has a long, tubular snout and a very long, sticky tongue. It uses its tongue to lick up ants and termites from their nests. This is a specialized mode of feeding.

Q52. An animal that filters tiny food particles from water is the EXAMPLE BASED

• Eagle

• Snail

• Starfish

• Whale

Answer: Whale

Q53. A snail uses its file-like tongue to FACT

• Bite

• Chew

• Scrape

• Suck

Answer: Scrape

Snails have a special organ called a radula, which acts like a file. They use it to scrape algae or plant material from surfaces. This mode of feeding is called scraping.

Q54. The chewed, moistened ball of food that is formed in the mouth is called a DEFINITION

• Chyme

• Bolus

• Faeces

• Villi

Answer: Bolus

When we chew food, it is mixed with saliva. The tongue helps roll this moistened food into a small, soft ball. This ball of food is called a bolus, which is then swallowed.

Q55. The rhythmic contraction of muscles in the walls of the alimentary canal that pushes food forward is called DEFINITION

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Peristalsis

• Egestion

Answer: Peristalsis

Q56. A vestigial organ in the human body is the FACT

• Liver

• Stomach

• Appendix

• Small intestine

Answer: Appendix

Q57. The part of the tooth visible above the gums is called the DEFINITION

• Root

• Crown

• Enamel

• Neck

Answer: Crown

A tooth has different parts. The part we can see in the mouth is the crown. It is covered by a very hard layer called enamel. The root of the tooth is fixed inside the jawbone.

Q58. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which acts on FACT

• Only carbohydrates

• Only proteins

• Only fats

• All components of food

Answer: All components of food

The pancreas is a large gland located below the stomach. It secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine. This juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Q59. If we get a cut in our mouth, it heals faster than a cut on our skin. This is because REASONING

• Saliva contains an enzyme that kills bacteria.

• The mouth has more blood supply.

• The tongue helps clean the cut.

• Teeth prevent infection.

Answer: Saliva contains an enzyme that kills bacteria.

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