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Q1. The first step of nutrition where food is taken into the body is called:
Ingestion is the first step of nutrition, where food is taken into the body through the mouth. Digestion is the breakdown of food, absorption is the uptake of nutrients, and assimilation is the use of nutrients by the body. Ingestion is the entry of food.
Q2. The process of breakdown of complex food substances into simpler, soluble substances is called:
Digestion is the process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler, soluble substances that can be absorbed by the body. Ingestion is taking in food, absorption is the uptake of nutrients, and egestion is the removal of waste. Digestion is the breakdown process.
Q3. The process by which digested food passes into the blood vessels of the small intestine is called:
Absorption is the process by which digested food passes into the blood vessels of the small intestine. Digestion is breakdown, assimilation is the use of nutrients, and egestion is waste removal. Absorption is the uptake of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Q4. The process by which absorbed food is used by the body cells to produce energy and build new tissues is called:
Assimilation is the process by which absorbed food is used by the body cells to produce energy, grow, and repair tissues. Absorption is the uptake of nutrients, digestion is breakdown, and egestion is waste removal. Assimilation is the utilization of nutrients.
Q5. The process of removing undigested food from the body is called:
Egestion is the process of removing undigested food from the body. Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes like urea. Absorption and assimilation are earlier steps. Egestion specifically refers to undigested food.
Q6. The correct order of the main steps of nutrition in animals is:
The correct order of the main steps of nutrition in animals is: Ingestion (taking in food), Digestion (breaking it down), Absorption (taking nutrients into the blood), Assimilation (using nutrients), and Egestion (removing waste). This is the sequential process of nutrition.
Q7. Animals that eat only plants and plant products, like grass, are called:
Herbivores are animals that eat only plants and plant products, such as grass, leaves, and fruits. Carnivores eat other animals, omnivores eat both plants and animals, and scavengers eat dead animals. Herbivores are plant-eaters.
Q8. Animals that have a special four-chambered stomach to digest plant material are called:
Ruminants are animals that have a special four-chambered stomach to digest plant material (cellulose). Examples include cows, buffaloes, and goats. Omnivores, carnivores, and scavengers do not have this specialized stomach. Ruminants are herbivores with a unique digestive system.
Q9. The first and largest chamber of a ruminant’s stomach where food first goes is called the:
The rumen is the first and largest chamber of a ruminant’s stomach. Food is first stored and partially digested here by microorganisms. The reticulum, omasum, and abomasum are the other chambers. The rumen is the main fermentation vat.
Q10. The process in which ruminants bring back partially digested food from the rumen to the mouth and chew it again is called:
Rumination is the process in which ruminants bring back partially digested food (cud) from the rumen to the mouth and chew it again. Regurgitation is the act of bringing food back, but the specific term for this process in ruminants is rumination. Digestion and absorption are different processes.
Q11. The partially digested food that is brought back from the rumen to the mouth for re-chewing is called the:
The partially digested food that is brought back from the rumen to the mouth for re-chewing is called the cud. Bolus is the food ball in the mouth, chyme is the semi-digested food in the small intestine, and faeces is undigested waste. Cud is the chewed food in ruminants.
Q12. The complex carbohydrate present in grass that ruminants can digest but humans cannot is called:
Cellulose is the complex carbohydrate present in grass that ruminants can digest with the help of microorganisms, but humans cannot because we lack the enzyme cellulase. Starch, glucose, and sucrose are digestible by humans. Cellulose is the fibrous component of plants.
Q13. The microorganisms present in the rumen of a cow that help digest cellulose are:
Bacteria are the microorganisms present in the rumen of cows that help digest cellulose. These bacteria produce the enzyme cellulase, which breaks down cellulose into simpler compounds. Viruses, protozoa, and fungi are also present, but bacteria are the primary cellulose digesters.
Q14. The chamber of a ruminant’s stomach that is similar to the human stomach and where digestion with digestive juices takes place is the:
The abomasum is the chamber of a ruminant’s stomach that is similar to the human stomach. It secretes digestive juices and is where true gastric digestion takes place. The rumen, reticulum, and omasum are for fermentation and absorption. The abomasum is the “true stomach.”
Q15. A cow quickly swallows grass and stores it in a part of its stomach before bringing it back to chew. This is because:
A cow quickly swallows grass and stores it in the rumen before bringing it back to chew because grass (cellulose) is hard to digest and requires more time and repeated chewing. This process of rumination allows for thorough breakdown of plant material. It is not because of hurry, taste, or fear.
Q16. An amoeba is a:
An amoeba is a unicellular organism, meaning it consists of a single cell. It is not multicellular (made of many cells), colonial (a group of cells), or a plant. Amoeba is a single-celled protozoan.
Q17. An amoeba ingests its food with the help of temporary finger-like projections called:
An amoeba ingests its food using temporary finger-like projections called pseudopodia (false feet). Villi are in the small intestine, cilia are hair-like structures, and flagella are whip-like structures. Pseudopodia are used for movement and ingestion in amoeba.
Q18. The mode of nutrition in an amoeba is called holozoic nutrition. Which of the following is the first step of this process in amoeba?
The first step of holozoic nutrition in amoeba is ingestion, where the amoeba engulfs food particles using pseudopodia. Digestion, absorption, and egestion follow later. Ingestion is the initial step of taking in food.
Q19. When an amoeba engulfs a food particle, it forms a bubble-like structure inside its body called a:
When an amoeba engulfs a food particle, it forms a bubble-like structure called a food vacuole inside its body. The food vacuole contains the food and digestive enzymes. The nucleus is the control center, contractile vacuole removes excess water, and amoeba does not have a cell wall.
Q20. In an amoeba, digestive enzymes are secreted into the food vacuole to break down the food. This step is called:
In an amoeba, the step where digestive enzymes are secreted into the food vacuole to break down food is called digestion. Ingestion is taking in food, absorption is uptake, and egestion is waste removal. Digestion is the breakdown of food.
Q21. After digestion in an amoeba, the dissolved food moves from the food vacuole into the surrounding cytoplasm. This process is called:
After digestion in an amoeba, the dissolved food moves from the food vacuole into the surrounding cytoplasm. This is the process of absorption. Digestion is the breakdown, ingestion is taking in, and rumination is not a process in amoeba. Absorption is the uptake of nutrients.
Q22. The absorbed food in an amoeba is used by the cell for growth, energy, and repair. This step is called:
The absorbed food in an amoeba is used by the cell for growth, energy, and repair. This step is called assimilation. Absorption is the uptake, digestion is breakdown, and egestion is waste removal. Assimilation is the utilization of nutrients.
Q23. In an amoeba, the undigested food is thrown out of the body when the food vacuole moves to the surface and bursts open. This is called:
In an amoeba, the undigested food is thrown out of the body when the food vacuole moves to the surface and bursts open. This process is called egestion. Excretion is removal of metabolic wastes, digestion is breakdown, and rumination is not applicable. Egestion is the removal of undigested food.
Q24. The process by which an amoeba engulfs a food particle is called phagocytosis. This process is most similar to which human activity?
Phagocytosis in amoeba is the engulfing of food particles. This process is most similar to how white blood cells engulf and destroy germs (also called phagocytosis). Chewing, swallowing, and churning are different processes in human digestion.
Q25. One similarity between nutrition in amoeba and humans is that both involve:
Both amoeba and humans involve the steps of digestion, absorption, and assimilation of food. While humans have a complex digestive system, amoeba is unicellular, but both carry out these basic steps of nutrition. They do not both have a mouth/teeth or a stomach.
Q26. A major difference between digestion in amoeba and humans is that in amoeba, digestion takes place:
In amoeba, digestion takes place inside a food vacuole within the cell. In humans, digestion occurs in specialized organs like the stomach and small intestine. Amoeba does not have a stomach, does not rely on bacteria for digestion, and does not digest outside the body.
Q27. The simple sugar into which carbohydrates are finally broken down and absorbed into the blood is:
Carbohydrates are finally broken down into glucose, which is absorbed into the blood. Amino acids are from proteins, glycerol and fatty acids are from fats. Glucose is the simple sugar that provides energy to cells.
Q28. The building blocks of proteins, which are absorbed into the blood after digestion, are called:
Proteins are broken down into their building blocks, called amino acids, which are absorbed into the blood. Glucose is from carbohydrates, and fatty acids and glycerol are from fats. Amino acids are used to build new proteins in the body.
Q29. The greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver that helps in the digestion of fats is called:
Bile is the greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver that helps in the digestion of fats by emulsifying them. Saliva is from salivary glands, pancreatic juice is from the pancreas, and gastric juice is from the stomach. Bile is specifically secreted by the liver.
Q30. The part of the mouth is also known as the:
The part of the mouth is also known as the buccal cavity. The food pipe is the oesophagus, the windpipe is the trachea, and the oesophagus is another name for the food pipe. The buccal cavity is the mouth cavity.
Q31. The pointed teeth that are used for tearing food, especially flesh, are called:
Canines are pointed teeth used for tearing food, especially flesh. Incisors are for cutting, premolars and molars are for grinding. Canines are well-developed in carnivores.
Q32. The process of digesting food is not just chemical but also physical. An example of physical digestion in humans is:
Chewing of food by teeth is an example of physical digestion, as it breaks food into smaller pieces mechanically. Action of saliva on starch, bile on fats, and pepsin on proteins are examples of chemical digestion. Physical digestion is the mechanical breakdown of food.
Q33. A carbohydrate that humans cannot digest due to the lack of the enzyme cellulase is:
Cellulose is a carbohydrate that humans cannot digest because we lack the enzyme cellulase. Starch, sucrose, and glucose are digestible by humans. Cellulose is the fibrous component of plant cell walls.
Q34. In the process of rumination, the food is chewed:
In rumination, food is chewed twice: first quickly before swallowing, and then again slowly after it is brought back from the rumen as cud. This helps break down cellulose effectively. It is not chewed only once, only after digestion, or only by bacteria.
Q35. The temporary structure in an amoeba that performs a function similar to the human stomach is the:
The food vacuole in amoeba performs a function similar to the human stomach—it is where digestion of food takes place. The nucleus controls the cell, pseudopodia are for movement, and the cell membrane is the outer covering. The food vacuole is the digestive compartment.
Q36. The rhythmic contraction of muscles in the walls of the alimentary canal that pushes food forward is called:
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the walls of the alimentary canal that pushes food forward. Digestion is breakdown, absorption is uptake, and rumination is the chewing process in ruminants. Peristalsis is the movement process.
Q37. The finger-like projections present on the inner wall of the small intestine that help in absorption are called:
Villi are finger-like projections on the inner wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. Pseudopodia are in amoeba, cilia are hair-like structures, and rugae are folds in the stomach. Villi are essential for absorption.
Q38. The inner lining of the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid which helps to:
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach helps to kill harmful bacteria in the food and creates an acidic medium for enzymes like pepsin to work. It does not digest carbohydrates (that’s amylase), absorb water (large intestine), or breakdown fats (bile and lipase). It primarily acts as a bactericidal agent.
Q39. The semi-digested, acidic food that comes from the stomach into the small intestine is called:
Chyme is the semi-digested, acidic food that comes from the stomach into the small intestine. Bolus is the food ball in the mouth, cud is in ruminants, and faeces is undigested waste. Chyme is the stomach contents.
Q40. The chewed, moistened ball of food that is formed in the mouth and pushed into the food pipe is called:
The chewed, moistened ball of food formed in the mouth is called a bolus. Chyme is in the small intestine, cud is in ruminants, and villi are in the small intestine. The bolus is the food ball before swallowing.
Q41. The wide, tubular part of the alimentary canal that absorbs water from the undigested food is the:
The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food, forming solid faeces. The stomach digests food, the small intestine absorbs nutrients, and the oesophagus transports food. Water absorption is a key function of the large intestine.
Q42. A grass-eating animal has a long small intestine. This is because:
Grass-eating animals (herbivores) have long small intestines because cellulose is difficult to digest and requires more time to break down. The longer intestine provides more surface area and time for digestion and absorption. It is not about speed, storage, or lack of stomach.
Q43. An animal that does not chew its food but swallows it whole and digests it slowly over a long period is the:
A snake swallows its prey whole and digests it slowly over a long period. Cows and goats are ruminants that chew their food, and eagles tear flesh. Snakes have a specialized digestive system for processing large meals.
Q44. A carnivore like a lion has very strong and pointed teeth called canines. This adaptation is for:
Carnivores like lions have strong, pointed canines adapted for cutting and tearing flesh. Herbivores have teeth for grinding grass, fruit-eaters have different adaptations, and nectar-suckers have specialized mouthparts. The canines are for capturing and tearing prey.
Q45. The pancreas is a gland that secretes pancreatic juice which helps in the digestion of:
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing enzymes that act on all components of food: amylase for carbohydrates, trypsin for proteins, and lipase for fats. It is a complete digestive juice. The other options are incorrect because pancreatic juice is not limited to just one food component.
Q46. The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled from the body is called the:
The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled. The rectum stores feces, the oesophagus is the food pipe, and the caecum is the first part of the large intestine. The anus is the exit point.
Q47. The gland that is the largest in the human body and secretes bile is the:
The liver is the largest gland in the human body and secretes bile. The pancreas is also a gland but is smaller, the salivary glands are much smaller, and the stomach is an organ, not a gland. The liver is the largest gland.
Q48. The first part of the large intestine, which is a small pouch, is called the:
The caecum is the first part of the large intestine, a small pouch to which the appendix is attached. The rectum stores feces, the anus is the opening, and the colon is the main part of the large intestine. The caecum is the initial pouch.
Q49. In unicellular organisms like amoeba, the undigested food is removed by a process similar to:
In amoeba, undigested food is removed by egestion, which is similar to a human egestion through the anus. Breathing out is respiration, sweating is excretion, and absorbing food is absorption. Egestion is the removal of undigested waste.
Q50. An animal that has a four-chambered stomach to digest cellulose is a:
A buffalo is a ruminant with a four-chambered stomach to digest cellulose. Humans have a single stomach, lions are carnivores with a simple stomach, and snakes swallow prey whole. Buffaloes are herbivores with a specialized digestive system for cellulose digestion.