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Q1. Tobacco is classified as a
Tobacco is classified as a drug because it contains nicotine, which is a psychoactive substance that alters the functioning of the body and mind. It is a commonly abused substance that can lead to addiction and serious health problems. Tobacco is not a nutrient, enzyme, or hormone.
Q2. Difficulty in leaving drug habits is called
Drug addiction is a condition where a person finds it extremely difficult to stop using a drug despite harmful consequences. It is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behaviour and a strong craving for the drug. Withdrawal refers to symptoms that occur when drug use is stopped, detoxification is the process of removing drugs from the body, and therapy is treatment.
Q3. Opioids are included under
Opioids are a class of drugs that are commonly abused for their pain-relieving and euphoric effects. Examples include morphine, heroin, and codeine. They are not antibiotics (which fight infections), vaccines (which provide immunity), or food supplements (which provide nutrients).
Q4. The word “droog” means
The word “drug” is derived from the Dutch word “droog,” which means “dry.” In the past, drugs were often dried herbs or plant materials used for medicinal purposes. Over time, the meaning has expanded to include any substance that alters body functions.
Q5. The age of adolescence in boys is
Adolescence in boys typically begins around the age of 10-12 years and continues until about 18-20 years. This is the period when boys experience physical growth, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and hormonal changes. The period may vary from individual to individual.
Q6. Adolescence is characterized by
Adolescence is characterized by accelerated physical growth, also known as a growth spurt. During this period, there are rapid increases in height, weight, and muscle mass, along with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Hormonal changes are significant during this time, not absent.
Q7. Addiction is commonly called
Addiction is commonly referred to as a disease because it is a chronic, relapsing condition that affects the brain and behaviour. It is recognized as a complex brain disorder by medical professionals. While substance abuse is related, addiction itself is considered a disease.
Q8. Substance abuse is defined as harmful use of substances for
Substance abuse is the harmful use of substances, typically for mood-altering purposes. People use drugs to experience euphoria, relaxation, or to escape from reality. These substances are not used for growth, nutrition, or proper medical treatment when abused.
Q9. Severe withdrawal symptoms may be
Severe withdrawal symptoms can be life-threatening. For example, withdrawal from alcohol or certain sedatives can cause seizures, hallucinations, and heart problems that may be fatal. This is why medical supervision is required during detoxification.
Q10. Drug addiction is characterized by
Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behaviour. Addicts feel an overpowering urge to obtain and use the drug, even when it causes harm to themselves or others. The use is not occasional or controlled, and dependency is a key feature.
Q11. Adolescents misuse drugs mainly due to
Adolescents misuse drugs mainly due to social influence, including peer pressure, curiosity, and the desire to fit in with friends or groups. Other factors like family environment, stress, and media influence also play a role. Weather, nutrition, and genetics alone are not the main reasons.
Q12. One characteristic of addiction is
One of the key characteristics of addiction is an overpowering desire to continue drug use despite negative consequences. The person feels compelled to take the drug and cannot stop even if they want to. It is not controlled intake, and it leads to deteriorating health, not improvement.
Q13. Psychoactive drugs are also called
Psychoactive drugs are also called mood-altering drugs because they affect the central nervous system and change perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behaviour. Nutrients provide nourishment, sedatives are one type of psychoactive drug, and antibiotics fight infections.
Q14. One reason for drug abuse is
One reason for drug abuse is the calming or exciting effects that drugs produce. Some drugs stimulate the nervous system (making the user feel energetic or euphoric), while others depress it (providing relaxation or relief from anxiety). These effects are the main reasons people misuse drugs.
Q15. Sedatives and tranquillizers are also called
Sedatives and tranquillizers are also called antidepressants when they are used to treat mental irritability, anxiety, and depression. They help calm the central nervous system and reduce tension. Analgesics are painkillers, vaccines provide immunity, and antibiotics fight bacterial infections.
Q16. Drugs may be used to
Drugs may be used for various purposes: to treat illness (medicines), to relieve symptoms (like pain or fever), and to alter states of mind (psychoactive effects). However, when used for non-medical purposes, they can lead to abuse and addiction.
Q17. During adolescence, development of which system occurs?
During adolescence, the reproductive organs undergo significant development and maturation. This is part of the physiological changes that occur during puberty. While other systems also grow, the development of reproductive organs is a key feature of adolescence.
Q18. Increasing dosage of drugs leads to
Increasing dosage of drugs leads to mental and physical dependence. The body becomes tolerant to the drug’s effects, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. This leads to both mental craving and physical withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.
Q19. Drug addiction involves lack of
Drug addiction involves a lack of control over drug use. The addicted person cannot control when and how much they use, even when they want to stop. This loss of control is a defining feature of addiction.
Q20. Drugs include
Drugs include both prescription medicines (which require a doctor’s order) and non-prescription (over-the-counter) medicines. Both can be abused if used improperly. Even legal drugs can lead to addiction when misused.
Q21. Drugs affect nervous system by altering
Drugs affect the nervous system by altering the levels of neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) in the brain. This changes the way nerve cells communicate, leading to the psychoactive effects of drugs. They do not primarily alter oxygen levels, body temperature, or blood pressure directly.
Q22. Unsteady gait and clumsy movements indicate
Unsteady gait and clumsy movements are symptoms of drug addiction, particularly with the use of substances like alcohol, sedatives, or opioids. These drugs impair motor coordination and balance. Growth spurts, normal injury, and ageing do not typically cause such specific symptoms.
Q23. Drug addiction can be
Drug addiction can be emotional, psychological, or biochemical. Emotional addiction involves using drugs to cope with feelings, psychological addiction involves mental craving, and biochemical addiction involves changes in brain chemistry. It is a complex condition with multiple aspects.
Q24. Loss of interest in sports indicates
Loss of interest in sports and other activities is a symptom of drug addiction. Addicts often lose interest in activities they once enjoyed because their focus shifts to obtaining and using drugs. This is not a sign of good health, fitness, or discipline.
Q25. Sedatives often cause
Sedatives are drugs that depress the central nervous system and often cause drowsiness or sleep. They are used to calm anxiety and induce relaxation. They do not typically cause anxiety, aggression, or hyperactivity.
Q26. Masking pain is a reason for
Masking pain is a reason for drug abuse, particularly with opioids and other painkillers. People may misuse drugs to avoid or hide physical or emotional pain. Exercise, nutrition, and healthy habits do not mask pain in this way.
Q27. Psychoactive drugs affect the
Psychoactive drugs affect the nervous system, particularly the brain. They alter neurotransmitter activity, which changes perception, mood, consciousness, and behaviour. They do not primarily affect the digestive, muscular, or circulatory systems.
Q28. Coca alkaloid is commonly known as
Coca alkaloid is commonly known as cocaine. It is a powerful stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. Heroin comes from morphine, nicotine is from tobacco, and morphine is from the opium poppy.
Q29. Addiction is a state of
Addiction is a state of both physical and psychological dependence on a drug. Physical dependence involves withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped, while psychological dependence involves craving and compulsive use. It is not just one type.
Q30. Substance abuse is another term for
Substance abuse is another term for drug abuse. It refers to the harmful or dangerous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Medicine use refers to proper use, therapy is treatment, and rehabilitation is recovery.
Q31. Drug addicts tend to
Drug addicts tend to increase the dosage over time because they develop tolerance. The body adapts to the drug, so higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect. This leads to a dangerous cycle of escalating use.
Q32. Drugs may act directly on
Drugs may act directly on nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and nervous system. They alter the communication between nerve cells by affecting neurotransmitters. This is how they produce their psychoactive effects.
Q33. Nervous system is
The nervous system is a highly organized biological system. It is responsible for coordinating all body functions, processing information, and controlling behaviour. It is not independent, least organized, or simple—it is one of the most complex systems in the body.
Q34. A drug is defined as
A drug is defined as any natural or synthetic substance that modifies body processes when ingested, inhaled, injected, or applied. This includes both medicinal drugs and substances of abuse. It is not limited to prescription medicines or plant products alone.
Q35. Drug addiction affects
Drug addiction affects both the individual and society. The individual suffers health problems, financial loss, and relationship issues. Society faces increased healthcare costs, crime, and loss of productivity. It is a widespread problem with far-reaching consequences.
Q36. Drugs are used to escape from
Drugs are often used to escape from reality. People may use drugs to avoid dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, or difficult life situations. This temporary escape can lead to long-term addiction and worsening problems.
Q37. Withdrawal symptoms may require
Withdrawal symptoms may require medical supervision because they can be severe and even life-threatening. Proper medical care can help manage symptoms safely and prevent complications. Exercise, home remedies, and rest alone are not adequate for severe withdrawal.
Q38. Sedatives and tranquillizers help in
Sedatives and tranquillizers help in overcoming mental irritability, anxiety, and tension. They calm the central nervous system and promote relaxation. They do not increase excitement or alertness; in fact, they have the opposite effect.
Q39. Withdrawal symptoms include
Withdrawal symptoms can range from mild tremors to severe convulsions. These physical symptoms occur when the body reacts to the absence of the drug it has become dependent on. They are not limited to headaches or fever.
Q40. Blunting anxiety leads to
Blunting anxiety (trying to reduce or numb feelings of anxiety) often leads to drug abuse. People may misuse sedatives, alcohol, or other drugs to escape from anxious feelings. Therapy, natural relaxation, and meditation are healthier ways to deal with anxiety.
Q41. Cannabinoids are associated with
Cannabinoids are associated with drug abuse. They are a class of psychoactive compounds found in cannabis (marijuana). These substances are commonly abused for their mind-altering effects and are considered illicit drugs in many places.
Q42. Which of the following is a commonly abused substance?
Alcohol is a commonly abused substance. It is a psychoactive drug that is legal in many places but can lead to dependence and addiction when misused. Vitamins, proteins, and minerals are nutrients and are not considered abused substances.
Q43. Constant use of drugs leads to
Constant use of drugs leads to habit formation. The body and mind become accustomed to the drug’s presence, and the person develops a pattern of regular use. This can escalate to addiction, which is much harder to overcome.
Q44. According to medical encyclopaedia, substance abuse includes
According to medical encyclopaedia, substance abuse includes the use of illicit drugs and the misuse of medicines (prescription or over-the-counter). It does not include the proper use of medicines, food supplements, or natural remedies.
Q45. The word ‘drug’ is derived from the Dutch word
The word ‘drug’ is derived from the Dutch word “droog,” which means “dry.” This reflects the historical practice of drying plant materials for medicinal use. The word has evolved to include all substances that modify body processes.
Q46. Adolescence is the period extending from
Adolescence is the period extending from puberty (the onset of sexual maturity) to complete sexual maturity. It is the transitional stage between childhood and adulthood, characterized by rapid physical, psychological, and social changes.
Q47. Drug addiction is described as
Drug addiction is described as a complex but treatable brain disease. It affects the brain’s reward, motivation, and memory systems. While it is chronic and relapsing, it can be managed with proper treatment and support.
Q48. Repeated inability to take responsibility is a feature of
Repeated inability to take responsibility is a feature of drug addiction. Addicts often neglect their duties, fail to meet obligations, and blame others for their problems. This is not a feature of motivation, discipline, or healthy behaviour.
Q49. Drug addiction may persist even after
Drug addiction may persist even after long periods of abstinence. Addiction is a chronic condition, and the risk of relapse remains high even after years of sobriety. This is why addiction is considered a lifelong condition that requires ongoing management.
Q50. The age of adolescence in girls is
Adolescence in girls typically begins earlier than in boys, around 8-10 years, and continues until about 18 years. During this time, girls experience rapid physical growth, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and hormonal changes.