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Q1. The word ‘science’ comes from the Latin word:
The word ‘science’ comes from the Latin word ‘scientia’, which means ‘knowledge’. Science is a systematic way of acquiring knowledge about the natural world through observation and experimentation. It helps us understand how things work around us.
Q2. The Latin word ‘scientia’ means:
The Latin word ‘scientia’ means ‘knowledge’. This is the root of the word ‘science’. Science is the pursuit of knowledge about the natural world through observation, experimentation and logical reasoning.
Q3. Science is a systematic way of:
Science is a systematic way of acquiring knowledge about the natural world through observation and experimentation. It helps us understand how things work. Science is based on facts, not opinions.
Q4. The process of asking questions, making observations and finding answers is called:
The scientific method is a step-by-step process used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena. It involves asking questions, making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments and drawing conclusions. This method helps in finding reliable answers.
Q5. The first step of the scientific method is:
The scientific method begins with asking a question about something observed in the natural world. This curiosity drives scientific inquiry. Without a question, there is no investigation.
Q6. A possible answer to a scientific question is called a:
A hypothesis is a possible answer or explanation to a scientific question. It is based on observations and prior knowledge. The hypothesis is then tested through experiments.
Q7. A hypothesis is tested by conducting:
An experiment is a scientific test used to check if a hypothesis is correct. It involves manipulating variables and observing outcomes. Experiments provide evidence to support or reject a hypothesis.
Q8. The information collected during an experiment is called:
Data is the information collected during an experiment or observation. It can be in the form of measurements, numbers, descriptions or observations. Data is analyzed to draw conclusions.
Q9. The final step of the scientific method is:
Drawing a conclusion is the final step of the scientific method. Based on the data collected, scientists decide whether the hypothesis is supported or not. The conclusion can lead to new questions and further investigation.
Q10. A scientist is a person who:
A scientist is someone who studies the natural world, follows the scientific method, asks questions and seeks answers through observation and experimentation. Scientists work in various fields such as physics, chemistry, biology and astronomy.
Q11. Curiosity is the:
Curiosity is the strong desire to learn and know more about the world around us. It is the driving force behind scientific inquiry. Curious minds ask ‘why’, ‘how’ and ‘what’, leading to new discoveries.
Q12. A phenomenon is:
A phenomenon is an observable event or fact that can be studied scientifically. Natural phenomena include events like rain, lightning, earthquakes and the rising and setting of the Sun. Scientists study phenomena to understand their causes and effects.
Q13. The phenomenon of an apple falling from a tree towards the Earth was studied by:
Isaac Newton studied the phenomenon of an apple falling from a tree and questioned why it falls straight down. This curiosity led him to formulate the law of universal gravitation. Newton’s work revolutionized our understanding of motion and gravity.
Q14. Newton’s study of the falling apple led to the discovery of:
Newton’s observation of a falling apple led him to question why objects fall towards the Earth. This led to the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, which explains that every object attracts every other object in the universe. This law explains the motion of planets and the falling of objects.
Q15. The phenomenon of lightning being seen before thunder is heard occurs because:
Lightning is seen before thunder is heard because light travels much faster than sound. Light travels at about 300,000 kilometres per second, while sound travels at about 343 metres per second. This is why we see the flash before we hear the thunder.
Q16. The speed of light is approximately:
The speed of light is approximately 300,000 kilometres per second. It is the fastest known speed in the universe. This is why we see lightning almost instantly, while sound takes longer to reach us.
Q17. The speed of sound in air is approximately:
The speed of sound in air is approximately 343 metres per second. It travels much slower than light. This is why thunder is heard after lightning is seen.
Q18. The Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west because:
The Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west because the Earth rotates on its axis from west to east. This rotation makes the Sun appear to move across the sky. In reality, the Sun does not move; the Earth moves.
Q19. The Earth’s rotation causes:
The Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night. When a part of the Earth faces the Sun, it experiences day. When it turns away from the Sun, it experiences night. This rotation takes about 24 hours.
Q20. The Earth rotates on its axis from:
The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east. This is why the Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west. If you look down from above the North Pole, the Earth rotates counterclockwise.
Q21. The phenomenon of the Moon changing its shape every night is caused by:
The Moon appears to change its shape because it revolves around the Earth. As it moves, different parts of its surface are illuminated by the Sun. These different views are called phases of the Moon.
Q22. The changing position of the Sun in the sky during the day is caused by:
The changing position of the Sun in the sky during the day is caused by the Earth’s rotation on its axis. As the Earth rotates, the Sun appears to move from east to west. This is why the Sun is low in the morning and high at noon.
Q23. The seasons are caused by:
The seasons are caused by the Earth’s revolution around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth’s axis. As the Earth orbits the Sun, different parts of the Earth receive different amounts of sunlight. This causes changes in temperature and weather.
Q24. The Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of:
The Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees from the vertical. This tilt is responsible for the changing seasons. Without this tilt, there would be no seasons.
Q25. The phenomenon of a solar eclipse occurs when:
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun. The Moon blocks the Sun’s light and casts a shadow on the Earth. This phenomenon can be total or partial.
Q26. The phenomenon of a lunar eclipse occurs when:
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth comes between the Moon and the Sun. The Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, causing it to darken. This phenomenon can only occur during a full moon.
Q27. Scientific curiosity led Newton to ask the question:
Newton’s scientific curiosity led him to ask why apples fall straight down from a tree. This question led to his discovery of the law of universal gravitation. Newton’s work showed how scientific questions can lead to important discoveries.
Q28. The question raised when lightning is seen before thunder is:
The question raised when lightning is seen before thunder is why thunder is heard later. This leads to the observation that light travels faster than sound. This is a simple example of how natural phenomena raise scientific questions.
Q29. The question raised when the Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west is:
Observing the Sun’s apparent movement raises questions about its motion. Scientists have studied these questions and found that the Sun does not move; the Earth rotates. This is an example of how curiosity about everyday phenomena leads to scientific understanding.
Q30. The scientific method was developed to:
The scientific method was developed to find reliable and accurate answers to scientific questions. It provides a systematic way to investigate phenomena. The method ensures that conclusions are based on evidence and can be verified by others.
Q31. Observation is an important part of the scientific method because:
Observation is important because it provides data and evidence that can be used to answer scientific questions. Careful and accurate observations are the foundation of scientific inquiry. Without observation, there would be no data to analyze.
Q32. A variable is a factor that:
A variable is a factor that can change in an experiment. Scientists change one variable at a time to see how it affects the outcome. Variables are essential for conducting controlled experiments.
Q33. The factor that is changed in an experiment is called the:
The independent variable is the factor that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the experimenter. It is the cause in the experiment. The effect is measured in the dependent variable.
Q34. The factor that is measured in an experiment is called the:
The dependent variable is the factor that is measured in an experiment. It is the effect that results from changing the independent variable. Scientists observe and record changes in the dependent variable.
Q35. A controlled experiment is one where:
In a controlled experiment, only one variable (the independent variable) is changed at a time. All other variables are kept constant. This ensures that the results are due to the changed variable.
Q36. The conclusion of a scientific investigation is based on:
The conclusion of a scientific investigation is based on the data collected from experiments and observations. Scientists analyze the data to see if it supports the hypothesis. Conclusions are objective and evidence-based.
Q37. A scientific theory is:
A scientific theory is a well-supported explanation of natural phenomena based on evidence. Theories are formed after many experiments and observations. Examples include the theory of gravity and the theory of evolution.
Q38. A scientific law is:
A scientific law is a description of a consistent and observable natural phenomenon. It is often expressed as a mathematical equation. Laws describe what happens, while theories explain why it happens.
Q39. The phenomenon of rain is caused by:
Rain is caused by the Sun’s heat, which drives the water cycle. Water evaporates, condenses into clouds and falls as rain. This is a natural phenomenon that is explained by science.
Q40. The phenomenon of a rainbow is caused by:
A rainbow is caused by the refraction and dispersion of sunlight through water droplets in the air. The light is separated into its seven colours. This is a beautiful natural phenomenon explained by physics.
Q41. The phenomenon of the rising and setting of the Sun is:
The rising and setting of the Sun is an observable phenomenon. It has been observed by humans for thousands of years. Scientists have explained it through the Earth’s rotation.
Q42. Curiosity about natural phenomena leads to:
Curiosity about natural phenomena leads to scientific discoveries, more questions and new technologies. It is the driving force behind scientific progress. Many inventions were born out of scientific curiosity.
Q43. A scientist’s question about a phenomenon is always:
A scientist’s question about a phenomenon should be testable through observation or experimentation. This is the basis of the scientific method. Testable questions can be answered through scientific investigation.
Q44. The phenomenon of day and night is caused by:
Day and night are caused by the Earth’s rotation on its axis. As the Earth rotates, different parts face the Sun, causing day, while the opposite side faces away, causing night. This rotation takes about 24 hours.
Q45. The phenomenon of the changing phases of the Moon is caused by:
The changing phases of the Moon are caused by the Moon’s revolution around the Earth. As the Moon moves, the amount of its illuminated surface visible from Earth changes. This cycle takes about 29.5 days.
Q46. The phenomenon of a star appearing to twinkle is caused by:
Stars appear to twinkle because the Earth’s atmosphere bends and scatters their light. The movement of air layers causes the light to fluctuate, making the star appear to twinkle. Planets do not twinkle as much because they are closer.
Q47. The phenomenon of a shooting star is actually:
A shooting star is not a star but a meteor burning up in the Earth’s atmosphere. These are small pieces of rock or dust from space. When they enter the atmosphere, they heat up and produce a streak of light.
Q48. The phenomenon of a shadow is caused by:
A shadow is formed when an opaque object blocks the path of light. The object blocks the light and creates a dark area behind it. Shadows can be observed during the day and at night.
Q49. The phenomenon of an echo is caused by:
An echo is caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface. When sound waves hit a hard surface like a wall or a mountain, they bounce back. This reflected sound is heard as an echo.
Q50. The phenomenon of a mirage is caused by:
A mirage is caused by the refraction of light through layers of air at different temperatures. The hot air near the ground bends the light, creating a false image of water or sky. This is a common natural phenomenon in deserts.
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Q51. The phenomenon of a comet is:
A comet is a small icy body that orbits the Sun. When it comes close to the Sun, the heat causes its ice to turn into gas, forming a glowing tail. Comets are fascinating astronomical phenomena.
Q52. The phenomenon of the tides is caused by:
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth’s oceans. The Moon has a stronger effect because it is closer. This gravitational force causes the water to rise and fall twice a day.
Q53. The phenomenon of the greenhouse effect is:
The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the Earth’s atmosphere. This natural phenomenon keeps the Earth warm enough for life. However, human activities are enhancing this effect, leading to global warming.
Q54. The phenomenon of the water cycle is driven by:
The water cycle is driven by the Sun’s energy. The Sun heats up water, causing it to evaporate, and then cool, causing it to condense and fall as rain. This cycle is essential for life on Earth.
Q55. The phenomenon of a tide being high or low is caused by:
High and low tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth’s water. When the Moon is directly overhead, its gravity pulls the water, causing a high tide. When the Moon is at a right angle, the pull is weaker, causing a low tide.
Q56. The phenomenon of lightning is caused by:
Lightning is caused by the discharge of electricity between clouds or between clouds and the ground. This occurs when there is a build-up of electrical charges in the atmosphere. The discharge is a bright flash of light and is accompanied by thunder.
Q57. The phenomenon of thunder is caused by:
Thunder is caused by the rapid expansion of air heated by lightning. The extreme heat from lightning causes the air to expand explosively, creating a shockwave. This shockwave is what we hear as thunder.
Q58. The phenomenon of a solar eclipse is a rare event because:
A solar eclipse is a rare event because the Moon’s orbit is tilted by about 5 degrees relative to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. This means that the Moon usually passes above or below the Sun, not directly in front of it. This is why solar eclipses do not happen every month.
Q59. The phenomenon of a lunar eclipse is also a rare event because:
A lunar eclipse is also a rare event because the Moon’s orbit is tilted. The Moon usually passes above or below the Earth’s shadow. Only when the alignment is perfect does a lunar eclipse occur.
Q60. The phenomenon of global warming is caused by:
Global warming is the phenomenon of the Earth’s temperature rising due to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Human activities like burning fossil fuels release these gases. This is a major environmental concern.