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Q1. The process by which a seed develops into a new plant is called:
Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant. It starts when the seed absorbs water, swells up and breaks its outer coat. The embryo inside the seed then grows roots and shoots to become a seedling.
Q2. The three essential conditions required for germination of a seed are:
For a seed to germinate, it needs three essential conditions: water, air and warmth. Water softens the seed coat and activates the embryo, air provides oxygen for respiration, and warmth provides the right temperature for growth. Without these conditions, the seed will not germinate.
Q3. Water is essential for germination because it:
Water is essential for germination because it softens the hard seed coat, allowing the embryo inside to expand and grow. It also activates the enzymes that start the germination process. Without water, the seed remains dormant and cannot germinate.
Q4. Air is essential for germination because it provides:
Air provides oxygen, which is essential for the respiration of the embryo inside the seed. Respiration releases energy that is needed for the growth of the seedling. Without oxygen, the seed cannot produce energy and will not germinate.
Q5. Warmth is essential for germination because it:
Warmth provides the right temperature for the enzymes inside the seed to work properly. Most seeds germinate best in temperatures between 20°C and 30°C. If the temperature is too cold or too hot, germination may not occur.
Q6. The part of the seed that grows into a new plant is called the:
The embryo is the tiny plant inside the seed that grows into a new plant. It consists of the radicle (which becomes the root) and the plumule (which becomes the shoot). The embryo is protected by the seed coat and gets food from the cotyledons.
Q7. The first part of the embryo to emerge during germination is the:
The radicle is the first part of the embryo to emerge during germination. It grows downwards into the soil to become the root system of the plant. The radicle anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
Q8. The part of the embryo that grows into the shoot is called the:
The plumule is the part of the embryo that grows upwards to become the shoot of the plant. The shoot develops into the stem, leaves and flowers. The plumule emerges after the radicle and grows towards sunlight.
Q9. A seed that does not germinate because it lacks water, air or warmth is said to be:
A seed that does not germinate because it lacks the essential conditions of water, air or warmth is said to be dormant. Dormancy is a state of rest where the seed does not grow. When the right conditions are provided, the seed can germinate.
Q10. The movement of a plant’s roots towards water is called:
Hydrotropism is the movement of a plant’s roots towards water. This is a positive response to the stimulus of water. The roots grow in the direction where they can find water to absorb for the plant’s needs.
Q11. The movement of a plant’s shoot towards sunlight is called:
Phototropism is the movement of a plant’s shoot towards sunlight. This is a positive response to the stimulus of light. The plant grows towards the light source to maximize photosynthesis.
Q12. The growth of roots downwards into the soil is called:
Geotropism is the growth of plant parts in response to gravity. Roots show positive geotropism as they grow downwards into the soil. Shoots show negative geotropism as they grow upwards, away from gravity.
Q13. The growth of a plant shoot upwards, away from gravity, is called:
Negative geotropism is when a plant part grows away from gravity. Shoots of a plant grow upwards, against gravity, to reach sunlight. This is also called negative gravitropism.
Q14. Plants show movement by:
Plants show movement by growing towards stimuli like light, water and gravity. They cannot move from place to place like animals, but they can change the direction of their growth. This movement is called tropism.
Q15. The life cycle of a plant includes the following stages in order:
The life cycle of a plant starts with a seed, which germinates into a seedling. The seedling grows into an adult plant, which produces flowers. After pollination and fertilization, the flower turns into a fruit, which contains seeds. These seeds then grow into new plants, continuing the cycle.
Q16. The young plant that emerges from a seed during germination is called a:
A seedling is the young plant that emerges from a seed during germination. It consists of roots, a stem and small leaves. The seedling grows into a mature plant over time.
Q17. The part of the plant that produces seeds is the:
The flower is the reproductive part of a plant that produces seeds. After pollination and fertilization, the flower develops into a fruit, which contains seeds. The seeds are then dispersed to grow into new plants.
Q18. The life cycle of a mosquito has the following stages in order:
The life cycle of a mosquito has four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The female mosquito lays eggs on the surface of stagnant water. These eggs hatch into larvae, which later become pupae and finally emerge as adult mosquitoes.
Q19. The larva of a mosquito is also called a:
The larva of a mosquito is called a wriggler because it moves by wriggling in the water. Wrigglers have a large head and a segmented body with a breathing tube at the tail end. They feed on tiny organisms in the water.
Q20. The pupa of a mosquito is also called a:
The pupa of a mosquito is called a tumbler because it tumbles in the water when disturbed. Tumbler is the resting stage where the larva transforms into an adult mosquito. During this stage, the mosquito does not feed and is protected by a pupal case.
Q21. The life cycle of a frog has the following stages in order:
The life cycle of a frog begins with an egg, which hatches into a tadpole. The tadpole is aquatic and breathes through gills. It then grows into a froglet, which has legs and a small tail, and finally becomes an adult frog after losing its tail.
Q22. The young one of a frog that lives in water and breathes through gills is called a:
The young one of a frog that lives in water and breathes through gills is called a tadpole. Tadpoles have a tail, no legs and are completely aquatic. They undergo metamorphosis to become adult frogs.
Q23. The stage in the frog’s life cycle when it has legs but still has a tail is called a:
A froglet is the young frog that has developed legs but still has a small tail. At this stage, the froglet begins to breathe through lungs and can live on land, but it still stays near water. The tail eventually disappears, and it becomes an adult frog.
Q24. The process of changing from a tadpole to an adult frog is called:
Metamorphosis is the process by which a young animal transforms into an adult. In frogs, the tadpole changes into an adult frog by developing legs, losing its tail and changing its breathing organs. This is a complete transformation controlled by hormones.
Q25. The change from a larva to an adult insect is also called:
Metamorphosis is the process by which an insect changes from a larva to an adult. For example, a caterpillar (larva) changes into a butterfly (adult). This transformation involves a complete reorganization of the insect’s body.
Q26. A characteristic of living organisms is that they:
Reproduction is a key characteristic of living organisms. All living things produce young ones of their own kind to ensure the continuation of their species. Without reproduction, life on Earth would not exist.
Q27. The process by which living organisms take in food and use it for growth and energy is called:
Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain and use food for growth, energy and repair. Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, while animals get food from plants or other animals. Nutrition is essential for survival.
Q28. The removal of waste products from the body is called:
Excretion is the removal of harmful waste products from the body. These waste products are produced during life processes like respiration and digestion. Excretion is important because waste materials can be poisonous if they accumulate.
Q29. The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide is called:
Respiration is the process by which living organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. This process releases energy from food, which is used for all life activities. Respiration is essential for survival because without energy, no organism can live.
Q30. An adaptation is a feature that helps an organism to:
An adaptation is a special feature or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment. For example, camels have humps to store fat for food in the desert, and polar bears have thick fur to keep warm in the cold. Adaptations are developed over many generations.
Q31. The change in an organism’s body or behavior to suit its environment is called:
Adaptation is the process by which organisms change their body structure or behavior to survive in their environment. These changes occur over many generations through evolution. Adaptations help organisms find food, escape predators and cope with climate.
Q32. The similarity between the life cycles of plants and animals is that:
The life cycles of both plants and animals involve birth, growth, reproduction and death. Both start their life cycles as a young form and grow into an adult, reproduce to produce offspring and eventually die. This is a universal feature of all living things.
Q33. The difference between the life cycle of a plant and that of an animal is that:
Plants produce seeds as their reproductive units, while animals produce eggs or give birth to young ones. In plants, seeds are produced through flowers and fruits. In animals, eggs are produced and fertilized either externally or internally.
Q34. The young ones of animals are produced by:
Animals reproduce by producing eggs (oviparous animals like birds and frogs) or by giving birth to live young (viviparous animals like humans and dogs). The eggs are fertilized and develop into young ones. Plants, on the other hand, produce seeds.
Q35. The growth in plants is generally:
Growth in plants is generally continuous throughout their life. Plants keep growing new leaves, branches, flowers and roots as long as they live. In contrast, animals stop growing after reaching a certain age.
Q36. The growth in animals is:
Growth in animals occurs only for a limited period until they reach their adult size. After that, their growth stops. For example, humans stop growing taller after a certain age. Plants, however, continue to grow throughout their life.
Q37. The movement of a plant towards a stimulus is called:
The movement of a plant towards or away from a stimulus is called tropism. Examples include phototropism (towards light), hydrotropism (towards water) and geotropism (towards gravity). Tropism is a growth response that helps plants survive.
Q38. The movement of animals from one place to another is called:
Locomotion is the movement of animals from one place to another. Animals move to find food, shelter, mates and to escape from predators. Locomotion is a distinct characteristic of animals, while plants show tropic movements.
Q39. A plant responds to a stimulus by:
A plant responds to a stimulus by changing the direction of its growth. For example, roots grow towards water (hydrotropism), shoots grow towards light (phototropism). This response helps the plant get what it needs to survive.
Q40. The ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment is called:
Homeostasis is the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the outside environment. For example, humans maintain a constant body temperature. This is an important characteristic of all living things.
Q41. The larva of a frog is called a tadpole. It is different from the adult frog because:
The tadpole is the larval stage of a frog and is very different from the adult frog. It has no legs, breathes through gills and lives entirely in water. The adult frog has four legs, breathes through lungs and skin, and lives both on land and in water.
Q42. The larva of a mosquito is called a wriggler. It differs from the adult mosquito because:
The wriggler is the larval stage of a mosquito and is very different from the adult. It lives in water, does not have wings and breathes through a breathing tube at its tail end. The adult mosquito has wings and lives on land.
Q43. The difference in the life cycles of a frog and a mosquito is that:
The life cycles of a frog and a mosquito both involve metamorphosis, but their larval stages are different. A frog has a tadpole larva, while a mosquito has a wriggler larva. Both undergo complete metamorphosis but look very different at each stage.
Q44. The similarity in the life cycles of a frog and a mosquito is that:
Both frogs and mosquitoes lay their eggs in water. Frog eggs are laid in clusters called frog spawn in freshwater, while mosquito eggs are laid on the surface of stagnant water. This is a similarity in their reproductive habits.
Q45. The process by which pollen is transferred from the male part to the female part of a flower is called:
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the male part (anther) to the female part (stigma) of a flower. This is a necessary step for fertilization and seed production. Pollination can occur through wind, water, insects or other animals.
Q46. After fertilization, the flower develops into a:
After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit. The fruit contains seeds that are formed from the fertilized ovules. The fruit protects the seeds and helps in their dispersal.
Q47. The dispersal of seeds helps plants to:
Seed dispersal helps plants spread to new areas where they can grow without competing with the parent plant for water, light and nutrients. This increases the chances of survival for the new plants.
Q48. A seedling is the young plant that grows from a seed. It differs from a mature plant because:
A seedling is a young plant that has just emerged from a seed. It has small leaves and a thin, fragile stem. It is much smaller and less developed than a mature plant, which has a thick stem and fully developed leaves and flowers.
Q49. The main difference in the nutrition of plants and animals is that:
Plants are autotrophs, meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis. Animals are heterotrophs, meaning they depend on plants and other animals for food. This is a fundamental difference between plants and animals.
Q50. The main difference in the movement of plants and animals is that:
Plants show tropic movements, which means they grow towards or away from stimuli but do not move from place to place. Animals show locomotion, which means they move from one place to another in search of food, shelter and mates.
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Q51. The life cycle of a plant and an animal both involve the stages of:
Both plants and animals have life cycles that include birth, growth, reproduction and death. In plants, birth occurs through seeds, while in animals, birth occurs through eggs or live birth. Despite the differences, the four major stages are the same for all living things.
Q52. The difference in the life cycles of a plant and a frog is that:
Plants reproduce by producing seeds, while frogs reproduce by laying eggs. Seeds are enclosed in fruits and are a major reproductive structure in plants. Eggs are laid in water and hatch into tadpoles in frogs.
Q53. The similarity in the life cycles of a mosquito and a butterfly is that:
Both mosquitoes and butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. During metamorphosis, the larva changes completely into an adult. This is a similarity in the life cycles of these two insects.
Q54. The difference in the life cycles of a mosquito and a butterfly is that:
The larva of a mosquito is called a wriggler and lives in water, while the larva of a butterfly is called a caterpillar and lives on land. Both are different in appearance, habitat and behavior. This is a key difference in their life cycles.
Q55. The essential conditions for germination are water, air and warmth. These conditions are important because:
Water, air and warmth are essential for the seed to begin growing. Water softens the seed coat and activates the embryo, air provides oxygen for respiration, and warmth provides the right temperature for enzymes to work. Without these, the seed remains dormant and cannot germinate.
Q56. The growth of roots towards water is called hydrotropism. This helps plants to:
Hydrotropism is the growth of roots towards water, which helps plants find water and nutrients in the soil. This is essential for the plant’s survival because water is needed for photosynthesis and other life processes.
Q57. The growth of shoots towards light is called phototropism. This helps plants to:
Phototropism is the growth of shoots towards light, which helps plants get sunlight for photosynthesis. Sunlight is essential for plants to make their own food. Without sunlight, plants cannot produce the energy they need to grow.
Q58. The life cycle of a seed plant involves the formation of flowers. Flowers are important because:
Flowers are the reproductive organs of a plant. They produce the male and female gametes needed for fertilization. After fertilization, the flower develops into a fruit that contains seeds, ensuring the next generation of plants.
Q59. The life cycle of a frog is an example of incomplete metamorphosis. This means:
The life cycle of a frog is an example of complete metamorphosis, not incomplete. The frog changes its form completely from a tadpole to an adult frog. The tadpole looks very different from the adult frog and has different body structures, such as gills and a tail.
Q60. The life cycle of a mosquito is an example of complete metamorphosis because:
The life cycle of a mosquito is an example of complete metamorphosis because it changes completely from an egg to a larva, then to a pupa and finally to an adult. Each stage looks very different from the others and has different functions and habitats.