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Q1. Which tissue type is responsible for growth in plants?
Meristematic tissue is responsible for growth in plants. These tissues consist of actively dividing cells and are found in specific regions like root tips, shoot tips, and cambium. They continuously divide to produce new cells, which later differentiate into permanent tissues, allowing plants to grow throughout their lives.
Q2. Which of the following is an example of tissue?
Blood is an example of tissue. It is a connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Brain, heart, and kidney are organs, not tissues—they are made up of different types of tissues working together to perform specific functions.
Q3. In plants, water and nutrients are conducted by:
In plants, water and nutrients are conducted by vascular tissue. Vascular tissue consists of xylem and phloem—xylem transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Q4. Plants require more supportive tissue because they are:
Plants require more supportive tissue because they are stationary. They cannot move to find support or escape from environmental stress. Supportive tissues like collenchyma and sclerenchyma provide mechanical strength and rigidity, helping plants remain upright and withstand forces like wind and rain.
Q5. Which statement is scientifically correct?
The scientifically correct statement is that plants have more dead tissues. Many supportive tissues in plants (like sclerenchyma and wood) are composed of dead cells that provide structural support. These dead cells have thickened cell walls that give strength to the plant, even though they are not living.
Q6. Tissues that divide throughout life in plants are called:
Tissues that divide throughout life in plants are called meristematic tissues. These tissues consist of undifferentiated cells that continuously divide, producing new cells for growth. They are found in regions like root tips, shoot tips, and lateral meristems (cambium), allowing plants to grow indefinitely.
Q7. Animals lack meristematic tissues because:
Animals lack meristematic tissues because growth in animals is uniform—it occurs throughout the body and is not limited to specific regions. In animals, growth is intercalary (between cells) and occurs by the division of many cells distributed throughout the body, unlike plants where growth is localized in meristems.
Q8. Compared to plants, animals consume:
Compared to plants, animals consume more energy. Animals are heterotrophs and must actively move to find food, shelter, and mates. This movement and their complex metabolic processes require more energy. Plants are autotrophs and stationary, so they have lower energy requirements.
Q9. A tissue is a group of cells that are:
A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and function. The cells in a tissue work together to perform a specific function. For example, muscle tissue cells are elongated and contract together to cause movement, while nervous tissue cells transmit signals.
Q10. Growth in animals is:
Growth in animals is uniform—it occurs throughout the body. Unlike plants, where growth is localized in meristematic regions, animals grow by cell division and enlargement that is distributed more evenly throughout the body. This uniform growth pattern is one of the differences between plant and animal growth.
Q11. Based on dividing capacity, plant tissues are classified into:
Based on dividing capacity, plant tissues are classified into meristematic tissues (which divide throughout life) and permanent tissues (which have lost their ability to divide). Meristematic tissues give rise to permanent tissues, which then become specialised for functions like support, conduction, and protection.
Q12. Which tissue helps plants remain upright?
Supporting tissue helps plants remain upright. These tissues (collenchyma and sclerenchyma) provide mechanical strength and rigidity to plant parts. They prevent the plant from bending or breaking under its own weight and environmental stresses like wind and rain.
Q13. A cluster of similar cells performing the same function is called:
A cluster of similar cells performing the same function is called a tissue. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to carry out a specific function. For example, muscle tissue consists of muscle cells that contract together, while nervous tissue consists of nerve cells that transmit signals.
Q14. The concept of tissues applies mainly to:
The concept of tissues applies mainly to multicellular organisms. In multicellular organisms, cells of similar types group together to form tissues. Unicellular organisms (like Amoeba and bacteria) consist of a single cell that performs all functions, so tissues are not formed. Viruses are not cells and do not have tissues.
Q15. Growth in plants continues throughout life due to:
Growth in plants continues throughout life due to meristematic tissues. These tissues consist of actively dividing cells that are present in root tips, shoot tips, and lateral meristems (cambium). This allows plants to grow in length and width continuously, unlike animals, which have a fixed growth period.
Q16. Nerve cells are specialised to:
Nerve cells (neurons) are specialised to carry messages in the form of electrical impulses. They have long extensions (axons and dendrites) that allow them to transmit signals over long distances, enabling communication between different parts of the body. This makes them essential for the nervous system.
Q17. Which feature is NOT common to both plant and animal tissues?
The growth pattern is NOT common to both plant and animal tissues. Plants have localized growth (through meristems) and continue growing throughout life, while animals have uniform growth that stops after a certain age. Both have cells, specialisation, and organisation as common features.
Q18. Movement, nutrition and excretion in Amoeba are carried out by:
Movement, nutrition, and excretion in Amoeba are carried out by a single cell. Amoeba is a unicellular organism, so all life processes occur within that one cell. It does not have tissues, organs, or organ systems—everything happens inside the cell itself.
Q19. Muscle cells are specialised for:
Muscle cells are specialised for movement. They have the ability to contract and relax, which generates force and causes movement. Muscle tissue is responsible for both voluntary movements (like walking) and involuntary movements (like heartbeat and digestion).
Q20. Blood helps in the transport of:
Blood helps in the transport of oxygen, food (nutrients), hormones, and waste. It is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen from the lungs to cells, nutrients from the digestive system, hormones from glands, and waste products to excretory organs. This makes blood essential for maintaining homeostasis.
Q21. The activity with onion bulbs demonstrates the role of:
The activity with onion bulbs demonstrates the role of meristematic tissue. When onion roots are allowed to grow, the growth occurs at the root tips, which contain meristematic tissue. Cutting the root tips stops growth, showing that meristematic tissue is responsible for growth. This is a classic experiment to demonstrate meristematic tissue function.
Q22. Blood is considered a tissue because it:
Blood is considered a tissue because it performs a specific function—it transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Even though it is a fluid, it is classified as a connective tissue because its cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) work together to carry out specific functions.
Q23. Cutting root tips affects growth because root tips contain:
Cutting root tips affects growth because root tips contain meristematic tissue. Meristematic tissue is responsible for the production of new cells that lead to root growth. If the root tips are cut, the meristem is removed, and the root can no longer grow in length.
Q24. Supportive tissues in plants mostly consist of:
Supportive tissues in plants mostly consist of dead cells. Sclerenchyma tissue, which provides mechanical support, is composed of cells that are dead at maturity. These cells have thick, lignified cell walls that provide strength and rigidity. Dead cells are more efficient for support because they do not require energy for maintenance.
Q25. Plants are generally:
Plants are generally sedentary, meaning they are fixed in one place and do not move from their location. They are not motile and cannot actively move in search of food or shelter. This is why they require more supportive tissue to remain upright and withstand environmental forces.
Q26. In multicellular organisms, cells are:
In multicellular organisms, cells are specialised—they are adapted to perform specific functions. For example, nerve cells transmit signals, muscle cells contract, and red blood cells carry oxygen. This specialisation allows for division of labour and makes the organism more efficient.
Q27. Phloem is an example of:
Phloem is an example of tissue. It is a complex permanent tissue in plants that conducts food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant. Phloem is made up of different types of cells (sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma) that work together to transport food.
Q28. Organ systems in animals are:
Organ systems in animals are more specialised and complex compared to plants. Animals have well-defined organ systems like the digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and nervous system. These systems consist of multiple organs that work together to perform complex functions.
Q29. Onion root growth experiment proves that growth occurs due to:
The onion root growth experiment proves that growth occurs due to root tips. When onion roots are allowed to grow, the growth happens at the tips, which contain meristematic tissue. When the tips are cut, the roots stop growing. This shows that the meristem at the tips is responsible for root growth.
Q30. Permanent tissues are formed from:
Permanent tissues are formed from meristematic tissues. Meristematic cells divide to produce new cells, which then differentiate and mature into permanent tissues. Permanent tissues are specialised for specific functions and have lost their ability to divide.
Q31. Tissue organisation increases efficiency by:
Tissue organisation increases efficiency by specialisation. When different tissues perform specific functions (division of labour), the organism becomes more efficient. For example, muscle cells specialise in movement, nerve cells in signal transmission, and blood cells in transport. This specialisation allows complex organisms to function effectively.
Q32. Most tissues in animals are:
Most tissues in animals are living. Unlike plants, which have many dead supportive tissues, animal tissues are mostly composed of living cells. Even in tissues like bone and cartilage, the cells are alive, although the matrix around them may be non-living.
Q33. Animals move in search of:
Animals move in search of shelter, food, and mates. As heterotrophs, animals must actively seek food and water. They also move to find shelter from predators and weather, and to find mates for reproduction. This is why animals are adapted for locomotion.
Q34. Plants are adapted for:
Plants are adapted for sedentary existence—they are fixed in one place and cannot move. Their adaptations include roots for anchorage, supportive tissues for rigidity, and leaves for photosynthesis. They do not need to move because they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Q35. The growth of onion roots stops when:
The growth of onion roots stops when the root tips are cut. This is because the meristematic tissue responsible for root growth is located at the root tips. When these tips are removed, the roots can no longer grow in length. This demonstrates the role of meristematic tissue in plant growth.
Q36. Which jar shows reduced root growth after cutting?
Q37. All living organisms are made up of:
All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. Some organisms are unicellular (made of one cell), while others are multicellular (made of many cells). Tissues, organs, and organ systems are formed by the organisation of cells in multicellular organisms.
Q38. Meristematic tissues consist of cells that are:
Meristematic tissues consist of cells that are actively dividing. These cells are undifferentiated and have thin cell walls, dense cytoplasm, and a prominent nucleus. They do not have large vacuoles. Their main function is to divide and produce new cells for plant growth.
Q39. The study of tissues is important to understand:
The study of tissues is important to understand complex plant and animal bodies. Tissues are the building blocks of organs and organ systems. By studying tissues, we can understand how cells are organised to form functional units, and how these units work together in complex organisms.
Q40. Tissue formation mainly helps in:
Tissue formation mainly helps in efficient functioning. By organising cells into tissues, multicellular organisms achieve division of labour—different tissues perform different functions. This specialisation increases efficiency and allows complex organisms to carry out multiple life processes simultaneously.
Q41. Which characteristic best defines multicellular organisms?
Multicellular organisms are best defined by division of labour—different cells, tissues, and organs perform different functions. This allows the organism to carry out complex processes like digestion, respiration, and reproduction efficiently. Unicellular organisms perform all functions within a single cell.
Q42. Animals are adapted mainly for:
Animals are adapted mainly for active locomotion—they can move from place to place in search of food, shelter, and mates. Their tissues and organs are specialised for movement (muscles, bones, nervous system). This is a major difference from plants, which are sedentary.
Q43. Growth in plants occurs:
Growth in plants occurs only at certain regions (localised). These regions are called meristems and are found at the tips of roots and shoots, and in the cambium. This is different from animals, where growth is uniform throughout the body.
Q44. Division of labour is seen in:
Division of labour is seen in multicellular organisms. In multicellular organisms, different cells, tissues, and organs perform different functions, increasing efficiency. Unicellular organisms have no division of labour—all functions are performed by the single cell. Viruses and bacteria are also unicellular.
Q45. Structural organisation in animals is more complex due to:
Structural organisation in animals is more complex due to active locomotion. Animals need specialised tissues and organs (like muscles, bones, and nervous systems) to move and respond to their environment. This complexity is greater than in stationary plants, which have simpler structural organisation.
Q46. Which organism performs all life processes in one cell?
Amoeba performs all life processes in one cell. It is a unicellular organism, so a single cell carries out functions like nutrition, respiration, excretion, and reproduction. Frogs, humans, and plants are multicellular organisms where different cells and tissues perform specialised functions.
Q47. Meristematic tissues are found:
Meristematic tissues are found in localised regions of the plant, such as the tips of roots and shoots (apical meristems) and in the cambium (lateral meristem). They are not present everywhere in the plant body; they are concentrated in areas where growth occurs.
Q48. Cells performing the same function are grouped to form:
Cells performing the same function are grouped to form a tissue. For example, muscle cells are grouped to form muscle tissue, which performs the function of contraction. Tissues are then grouped to form organs, and organs form organ systems.
Q49. Animals do not show clear separation of:
Animals do not show a clear separation of dividing and non-dividing tissues. Unlike plants, which have distinct meristematic (dividing) and permanent (non-dividing) tissues, animal tissues do not have such a clear-cut division. Growth in animals is more uniform and occurs throughout the body.
Q50. In unicellular organisms, all life functions are performed by:
In unicellular organisms, all life functions are performed by a single cell. There is no division of labour into tissues or organs—the one cell carries out all activities like movement, nutrition, respiration, excretion, and reproduction. This is why they are called unicellular organisms.