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Q1. Why do plants need to reproduce?
The main purpose of reproduction for plants is to create new plants of their own kind, ensuring their species continues to live on.
Q2. What is it called when a new plant grows from a part of the parent plant, like a stem or root?
When a plant can create a new plant from just one part of itself (like a stem, root, or leaf), it is called asexual reproduction. It doesn’t need seeds or flowers.
Q3. What is the process of a seed growing into a new plant called?
Germination is the exciting process where a seed, under the right conditions, starts to grow and develops into a new baby plant.
Q4. Which part of a plant is a potato?
A potato is a special kind of stem that grows underground. It stores food and has “eyes” (buds) that can grow into new potato plants.
Q5. Which of these is an example of a plant that grows from a bulb?
An onion is a bulb. It is a short, fleshy underground stem with layers of leaves that store food for the new plant to grow.
Q6. Which part of a seed acts as a food store for the baby plant?
Cotyledons are the fleshy parts of a seed that are packed with food. The baby plant uses this food to grow until it can make its own food.
Q7. What are the three main things a seed needs to germinate?
For a seed to wake up and germinate, it needs moisture (water), oxygen (air), and a suitable temperature. Sunlight is needed later for the grown plant.
Q8. Which part of the seed grows into the root of the new plant?
The radicle is the first part of the baby plant to emerge from the seed, and it grows downwards to form the root system.
Q9. Why is sunlight not required for a seed to germinate?
During germination, the baby plant uses the food stored inside the cotyledons. It doesn’t need sunlight to make food until its first green leaves appear.
Q10. Which part of a plant is the ‘eye’ of a potato?
The ‘eye’ of a potato is a bud. When placed in soil, this bud can sprout and grow into a new potato plant.
Q11. A rose plant is often grown from a piece of its stem. What is this called?
When a piece of a stem is cut from a plant and placed in soil to grow roots and become a new plant, it is called a stem cutting. This is a type of vegetative propagation.
Q12. What is the function of the hard outer covering of a seed?
The seed coat is a tough outer layer that protects the baby plant (embryo) inside from drying out, physical damage, and diseases until it’s time to germinate.
Q13. What is vegetative propagation?
Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from parts like stems, roots, or leaves, not from seeds.
Q14. Which of these is an example of a plant that grows from an underground stem?
Ginger is an underground stem, also called a rhizome. It grows horizontally underground and has nodes from which new shoots and roots can grow.
Q15. When a mango seed is planted, where does the new plant come from?
Inside every seed is a tiny baby plant called an embryo. When the seed gets the right conditions, this embryo starts to grow and develop into a new plant.
Q16. In the process of germination, what happens to the seed first?
The very first step of germination is that the seed takes in water (moisture). This softens the seed coat and activates the baby plant inside to start growing.
Q17. Which of the following is a method of reproduction through seeds?
A maize grain is a seed. When you sow it in the soil, it germinates and grows into a new maize plant, which is reproduction through seeds.
Q18. What happens if a seed does not get enough air?
The baby plant inside the seed needs air (oxygen) to breathe and get energy to grow. Without air, it cannot germinate.
Q19. What is the main difference between a root and an underground stem?
The key difference is that underground stems (like potato and ginger) have nodes (eyes) and buds that can grow into new shoots, while roots do not have these structures.
Q20. Why is moisture important for a seed?
Moisture (water) helps to soften the hard seed coat. This makes it easier for the baby plant inside to break through and start growing.
Q21. Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for a seed to germinate?
Sunlight is not needed for a seed to germinate because the seed has stored food. Sunlight becomes essential only after the baby plant has grown leaves and needs to make its own food.
Q22. What is the baby plant inside a seed called?
The embryo is the tiny, undeveloped plant that is protected inside the seed. It contains the radicle (future root) and the plumule (future shoot).
Q23. What is the part of the seed that grows into the shoot of the new plant?
The plumule is the part of the baby plant that grows upwards and develops into the shoot, which will have leaves and stems.
Q24. An onion is a bulb. What is a bulb?
A bulb is an underground stem that is made of many fleshy leaves attached to a short stem. These fleshy leaves store food for the plant.
Q25. How many cotyledons does a seed like a mango have?
A mango seed is a dicot seed, which means it has two cotyledons. These two halves store all the food for the growing baby plant.
Q26. Why is air necessary for a germinating seed?
Like all living things, the baby plant inside the seed needs to breathe (respire). It uses oxygen from the air to convert its stored food into energy for growth.
Q27. What will happen if a seed is kept in a very cold place?
Seeds need a suitable temperature to germinate. If it’s too cold, the chemical processes needed for growth slow down or stop, and the seed will not germinate.
Q28. Which of the following grows from the leaves of a mother plant (asexual reproduction)?
The Bryophyllum plant is a classic example of a plant that reproduces from its leaves. Small plantlets grow along the edges of its leaves and fall off to grow into new plants.
Q29. What is the correct order of germination?
First, the seed absorbs water. This causes it to swell and the seed coat to break. Then, the radicle (root) emerges first, followed by the plumule (shoot).
Q30. Why is it important for us to learn about how plants reproduce?
Understanding plant reproduction helps us grow our own food, cultivate beautiful gardens, and protect our environment by ensuring we have enough trees and plants for a healthy planet.