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Q1. A solution having more solute compared to another is called
A solution having more solute compared to another is called a concentrated solution. The term “concentrated” means that a relatively large amount of solute is dissolved in the solvent. This is a comparative term used to describe the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution relative to another solution. A dilute solution has less solute.
Q2. Volume by volume percentage uses
Volume by volume percentage uses the volume of solute and the volume of solution. It is calculated as: (Volume of solute / Volume of solution) × 100. This method is used when both solute and solvent are liquids, such as in the case of alcohol in water.
Q3. Solutions do not show Tyndall effect because
Solutions do not show the Tyndall effect because their particles are too small (less than 1 nm) to scatter light. The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloidal solution or suspension. In a true solution, the particles are so small that they do not scatter light, and the path of light is not visible.
Q4. Mass by mass percentage is calculated using
Mass by mass percentage is calculated using the mass of the solute and the mass of the solution. The formula is: (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100. This method is used when both solute and solvent are solids or when the mass is easier to measure than volume.
Q5. The path of light in a suspension is
The path of light in a suspension is clearly visible because the suspended particles are large enough to scatter light. This scattering of light is called the Tyndall effect. The light beam becomes visible as it passes through the suspension due to the reflection and scattering by the particles.
Q6. A suspension is unstable because
A suspension is unstable because the particles settle down when left undisturbed. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where the solute particles are not dissolved but are suspended in the medium. Over time, gravity causes these larger particles to settle at the bottom, making the suspension unstable.
Q7. Particles of a suspension are
The particles of a suspension are visible to the naked eye. They are larger than 100 nm in size, which makes them easily observable. This is why suspensions appear cloudy and the particles can be seen settling at the bottom.
Q8. The size of particles in a solution is
The size of particles in a true solution is smaller than 1 nm (nanometre). These particles are so small that they cannot be seen even with a microscope. They are at the molecular or ionic level and do not scatter light. This is why solutions are clear and transparent.
Q9. 1 nm equals
1 nm (nanometre) equals 10⁻⁹ metres. A nanometre is a unit of length often used to measure particles at the molecular scale. 1 nm is one-billionth of a metre.
Q10. Mass percentage of the given solution is approximately
Mass percentage is calculated as (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100. If 40 g of solute is dissolved in 320 g of solvent, the total mass of solution is 360 g. Mass percentage = (40/360) × 100 = 11.1%. This is a common calculation for expressing concentration.
Q11. Which system scatters light?
A suspension scatters light because its particles are large enough to cause the Tyndall effect. When light passes through a suspension, the path of light becomes visible due to scattering by the suspended particles. True solutions and alloys do not scatter light because their particles are too small.
Q12. Solubility is defined at
Solubility is defined at a particular temperature. It is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. Solubility varies with temperature, so it must be specified at a fixed temperature.
Q13. A solution is considered stable because
A solution is considered stable because the solute does not settle down on standing. The solute particles are uniformly distributed and remain in solution indefinitely under constant conditions. This stability is a key property of true solutions.
Q14. Increasing temperature generally
Increasing temperature generally increases the solubility of solids. When a solid dissolves in a liquid, the process is usually endothermic (absorbs heat). Raising the temperature provides more energy for dissolving, so more solute can dissolve. For gases, increasing temperature decreases solubility.
Q15. Suspensions scatter light because
Suspensions scatter light because their particle size is large (greater than 100 nm). These large particles reflect and scatter light, making the light beam visible. This is the Tyndall effect. In true solutions, particles are too small to scatter light.
Q16. A mixture where solute does not dissolve but stays dispersed is
A mixture where the solute does not dissolve but stays dispersed is a suspension. In a suspension, the solute particles are larger and do not dissolve; they remain suspended in the medium but will eventually settle if left undisturbed. In a solution, the solute completely dissolves.
Q17. Dilute and concentrated are
Dilute and concentrated are comparative terms. They are used to describe the relative amount of solute in a solution compared to another solution. There is no fixed value for “dilute” or “concentrated”—they depend on the context and the substances being compared.
Q18. Unsaturated solution means
An unsaturated solution means that more solute can dissolve in it at the given temperature. The solution has not reached its maximum capacity for solute. If you add more solute, it will continue to dissolve until the solution becomes saturated.
Q19. A suspension is a
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture because its composition is not uniform throughout. The suspended particles can be seen and settle on standing, making different parts of the mixture have different properties. The components remain physically distinct.
Q20. A concentrated solution contains
A concentrated solution contains more solute compared to a dilute solution of the same substance. It has a relatively large amount of solute dissolved in the solvent. This is a comparative term used to describe the amount of solute present.
Q21. Different substances in the same solvent have
Different substances in the same solvent have different solubilities. For example, sugar is highly soluble in water, but salt has a different solubility, and chalk is almost insoluble. This is because solubility depends on the nature of both the solute and the solvent.
Q22. In a solution, solute and solvent proportion can be
In a solution, the proportion of solute and solvent can be variable. A solution can have different concentrations (dilute or concentrated) by changing the amount of solute dissolved in the same amount of solvent. This is a characteristic property of mixtures.
Q23. Suspensions can be separated by
Suspensions can be separated by filtration. The suspended particles are large enough to be trapped by filter paper, while the liquid (filtrate) passes through. This is a simple physical method to separate the components of a suspension.
Q24. A solution containing less solute than saturation level is called
A solution containing less solute than the saturation level is called an unsaturated solution. In such a solution, more solute can still be dissolved at the given temperature. The solution has not yet reached its maximum dissolving capacity.
Q25. Concentration of solution changes with
The concentration of a solution changes with the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution. Adding more solute increases the concentration, while adding more solvent decreases it. The colour and shape of the container do not affect concentration.
Q26. Concentration can be expressed in terms of
Concentration can be expressed in terms of mass or volume. Common ways to express concentration include mass by mass percentage (w/w), mass by volume percentage (w/v), and volume by volume percentage (v/v). The choice depends on whether the solute and solvent are solids, liquids, or gases.
Q27. Which mixture is stable?
A solution is a stable mixture because the solute particles do not settle down on standing. The particles are uniformly distributed and remain in solution indefinitely under constant conditions. Chalk in water, suspension, and sand in water are all unstable because the particles settle.
Q28. A solution is a
A solution is a homogeneous mixture. It has a uniform composition throughout, and the solute particles are evenly distributed at the molecular or ionic level. Solutions are clear, stable, and do not scatter light.
Q29. Solubility depends on
Solubility depends on temperature. The amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent changes with temperature. For most solids, solubility increases with temperature. For gases, solubility decreases with increasing temperature. The colour, container size, and shape do not affect solubility.
Q30. Mass by volume percentage uses
Mass by volume percentage uses the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution. It is calculated as: (Mass of solute / Volume of solution) × 100. This method is commonly used when the solute is a solid and the solvent is a liquid.
Q31. A saturated solution cooled slowly may
A saturated solution cooled slowly may show crystallisation. When a saturated solution is cooled, the solubility decreases, and the excess solute comes out of the solution in the form of crystals. This is how pure crystals of substances are obtained.
Q32. Which is NOT a property of solutions?
Filtration separation is NOT a property of solutions. The particles in a solution are too small to be separated by filtration. They pass through filter paper along with the solvent. Filtration is used to separate suspensions, not solutions. Solutions are homogeneous, stable, and do not scatter light.
Q33. A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature is called
A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature is called a saturated solution. At this point, the solution has reached its maximum capacity for dissolving the solute. Any additional solute added will remain undissolved.
Q34. Concentration of a solution means
The concentration of a solution means the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution (or solvent). It tells us how much solute is dissolved relative to the amount of solution or solvent. This is a measure of the solution’s strength.
Q35. Solute particles in a solution can be separated by
Solute particles in a solution cannot be separated by filtration. The particles are too small to be trapped by filter paper. To separate the solute from a solution, methods like evaporation or distillation are used, not filtration.
Q36. Solution particles cannot be seen by naked eyes because
Solution particles cannot be seen by the naked eye because they are very small in size (less than 1 nm). They are at the molecular or ionic level. Even with a microscope, they may not be visible. This is why solutions appear clear and transparent.
Q37. Solubility refers to
Solubility refers to the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent to form a saturated solution at a specific temperature. It is the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a fixed amount of solvent under given conditions.
Q38. Which mixture allows filtration separation?
Suspension allows filtration separation because the suspended particles are large enough to be trapped by filter paper. In a solution, the particles are too small to be filtered. Colloids also cannot be filtered easily. Suspensions are easily separated by this physical method.
Q39. Solutions do not scatter light because
Solutions do not scatter light because the particle size is very small (less than 1 nm). Since the particles are at the molecular or ionic level, they do not interfere with the path of light. Light passes through a solution without being scattered, so the solution remains clear and transparent.
Q40. A solution contains 40 g solute and 320 g solvent. Total mass of solution is
The total mass of the solution is the sum of the mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent. Here, solute = 40 g and solvent = 320 g. Total mass = 40 + 320 = 360 g. This is used to calculate the mass percentage.
Q41. Solutions appear
Solutions appear uniform throughout. They are homogeneous mixtures, meaning they have the same composition and properties in every part. Solutions do not appear layered, cloudy, or granular. This uniformity is a defining characteristic of true solutions.
Q42. In a suspension, solute particles
In a suspension, the solute particles remain suspended in the medium but do not dissolve. They are visible and will eventually settle down if left undisturbed. The particles do not dissolve, evaporate, or react chemically.
Q43. The path of light in a solution is
The path of light in a solution is not visible because the particles are too small to scatter light. Unlike in suspensions or colloids, the Tyndall effect is not observed in true solutions. The light passes straight through without any visible path.
Q44. After settling, suspension does not
After settling, a suspension does not scatter light because the particles have settled at the bottom. The liquid above becomes clear and does not show the Tyndall effect. However, the settled solute is still present at the bottom.
Q45. Mass by mass percentage formula contains
The mass by mass percentage formula contains the mass of the solution in the denominator. The formula is (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100. Mass of solution includes both solute and solvent. Volume of solution and temperature are not part of this formula.
Q46. The unit of particle size mentioned is
The unit of particle size mentioned for solutions, colloids, and suspensions is nm (nanometre). Particles in solutions are smaller than 1 nm, colloids range from 1 nm to 100 nm, and suspensions have particles larger than 100 nm. Nanometre is a convenient unit for measuring particles at the molecular level.
Q47. A solution having less amount of solute is called
A solution having less amount of solute is called a dilute solution. It contains a relatively small amount of solute compared to the solvent. This is the opposite of a concentrated solution. Dilute and concentrated are comparative terms.
Q48. When left undisturbed, particles in suspension
When left undisturbed, particles in a suspension settle down at the bottom. This is because the particles are larger and heavier than the solvent particles, and gravity pulls them down. Settling is a characteristic property of suspensions.
Q49. When suspension particles settle, the suspension
When suspension particles settle, the suspension breaks. The suspended particles separate from the liquid, forming a sediment at the bottom and a clear liquid above. This breaking or separation is what makes suspensions unstable. The mixture no longer remains as a suspension.
Q50. A saturated solution means
A saturated solution means that the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved at that particular temperature. No more solute can dissolve in the solution at that temperature. If more solute is added, it will remain undissolved. The state of saturation depends on the temperature.