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📘 Study MCQs
Q1. The first step of nutrition where food is taken into the body is called DEFINITION
• Digestion
• Ingestion
• Absorption
• Assimilation
Answer: Ingestion
Ingestion is the process of taking food into the body.
In humans, this happens through the mouth.
In Amoeba, ingestion occurs with the help of pseudopodia.
Q2. The process of breakdown of complex food substances into simpler, soluble substances is called DEFINITION
• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Egestion
Answer: Digestion
Digestion breaks down large molecules like starch and proteins into smaller ones like glucose and amino acids.
This can be mechanical (chewing) or chemical (using enzymes).
It takes place in various parts of the alimentary canal.
Q3. The process by which digested food passes into the blood vessels of the small intestine is called DEFINITION
• Digestion
• Assimilation
• Absorption
• Egestion
Answer: Absorption
Absorption is the process where digested food moves from the small intestine into the bloodstream.
The inner wall of the small intestine has finger-like structures called villi.
Villi increase the surface area for efficient absorption.
Q4. The process by which absorbed food is used by the body cells to produce energy and build new tissues is called DEFINITION
• Absorption
• Assimilation
• Digestion
• Egestion
Answer: Assimilation
Assimilation is the utilization of absorbed food by the body.
For example, glucose is used by cells to release energy through respiration.
Amino acids are used to build and repair muscles and other tissues.
Q5. The process of removing undigested food from the body is called DEFINITION
• Absorption
• Assimilation
• Excretion
• Egestion
Answer: Egestion
Egestion is the elimination of undigested waste food from the body.
This waste, called feces, is formed in the large intestine.
It is removed from the body through the anus.
Q6. The correct order of the main steps of nutrition in animals is DEFINITION
• Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion
• Digestion → Ingestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion
• Ingestion → Absorption → Digestion → Assimilation → Egestion
• Assimilation → Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Egestion
Answer: Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion
The process of nutrition always follows a specific sequence.
First, food is taken in (ingestion), then broken down (digestion).
The simple food is then taken into the blood (absorption), used by cells (assimilation), and finally, waste is removed (egestion).
Q7. Animals that eat only plants and plant products, like grass, are called DEFINITION
• Carnivores
• Omnivores
• Herbivores
• Scavengers
Answer: Herbivores
Herbivores are animals that feed exclusively on plants.
Examples include cows, buffaloes, goats, and deer.
They have specialized digestive systems to digest tough plant material like cellulose.
Q8. Animals that have a special four-chambered stomach to digest plant material are called DEFINITION
• Ruminants
• Omnivores
• Carnivores
• Scavengers
Answer: Ruminants
Ruminants are grass-eating animals like cows and buffaloes.
Their stomach is divided into four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
This complex system helps them digest cellulose with the help of bacteria.
Q9. The first and largest chamber of a ruminant’s stomach where food first goes is called the FACT
• Reticulum
• Omasum
• Abomasum
• Rumen
Answer: Rumen
When a ruminant first swallows grass, it enters the rumen.
The rumen contains microorganisms that help break down cellulose.
The partially digested food in the rumen is called the cud.
Q10. The process in which ruminants bring back partially digested food from the rumen to the mouth and chew it again is called DEFINITION
• Digestion
• Regurgitation
• Rumination
• Absorption
Answer: Rumination
Rumination is also known as “chewing the cud.”
Ruminants do this to further break down tough plant fibers.
This process is aided by bacteria that digest cellulose, which animals cannot digest on their own.
Q11. The partially digested food that is brought back from the rumen to the mouth for re-chewing is called the DEFINITION
• Bolus
• Chyme
• Cud
• Faeces
Answer: Cud
After grass is swallowed and stored in the rumen, it becomes partially digested.
This semi-digested food is called cud.
The animal brings the cud back to its mouth to chew it leisurely.
Q12. The complex carbohydrate present in grass that ruminants can digest but humans cannot is called FACT
• Starch
• Cellulose
• Glucose
• Sucrose
Answer: Cellulose
Cellulose is a tough carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants.
Ruminants can digest cellulose because their rumen contains special bacteria.
Humans lack these bacteria and cannot digest cellulose.
Q13. The microorganisms present in the rumen of a cow that help digest cellulose are REASONING
• Viruses
• Protozoa
• Bacteria
• Fungi
Answer: Bacteria
The rumen contains billions of bacteria.
These bacteria produce an enzyme called cellulase, which breaks down cellulose.
In return, the bacteria get a safe place to live and food, showing a symbiotic relationship.
Q14. The chamber of a ruminant’s stomach that is similar to the human stomach and where digestion with digestive juices takes place is the FACT
• Rumen
• Reticulum
• Omasum
• Abomasum
Answer: Abomasum
The abomasum is the fourth and true stomach of a ruminant.
The first three chambers (rumen, reticulum, omasum) process cellulose with the help of bacteria.
In the abomasum, digestive juices break down the food further, just like in the human stomach.
Q15. A cow quickly swallows grass and stores it in a part of its stomach before bringing it back to chew. This is because REASONING
• It is in a hurry.
• Grass is hard to chew and requires more time.
• It does not like the taste of fresh grass.
• It is afraid of other animals.
Answer: Grass is hard to chew and requires more time.
Grass contains tough cellulose, which requires a lot of chewing.
In the wild, animals need to eat quickly to avoid predators.
They swallow the grass quickly and then chew it later in a safe place through rumination.
Q16. An amoeba is a DEFINITION
• Multicellular organism
• Unicellular organism
• Colonial organism
• Microscopic plant
Answer: Unicellular organism
Amoeba is a microscopic organism that consists of a single cell.
It performs all its life processes, including nutrition, within this one cell.
It is found in freshwater ponds, ditches, and slow-moving streams.
Q17. An amoeba ingests its food with the help of temporary finger-like projections called DEFINITION
• Villi
• Cilia
• Flagella
• Pseudopodia
Answer: Pseudopodia
Pseudopodia, meaning “false feet,” are projections of the amoeba’s cell membrane.
They flow around the food particle, engulfing it.
This process of engulfing food is called phagocytosis.
Q18. The mode of nutrition in an amoeba is called holozoic nutrition. Which of the following is the first step of this process in amoeba? FACT
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Ingestion
• Egestion
Answer: Ingestion
The process of nutrition in amoeba also follows the same five steps as in humans.
The first step, ingestion, happens when the amoeba uses its pseudopodia to capture food.
The food becomes trapped in a food vacuole.
Q19. When an amoeba engulfs a food particle, it forms a bubble-like structure inside its body called a DEFINITION
• Food vacuole
• Nucleus
• Contractile vacuole
• Cell wall
Answer: Food vacuole
A food vacuole is a small, fluid-filled cavity formed inside the amoeba.
It contains the engulfed food particle surrounded by a little water.
Digestive enzymes are secreted into this vacuole to break down the food.
Q20. In an amoeba, digestive enzymes are secreted into the food vacuole to break down the food. This step is called FACT
• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Egestion
Answer: Digestion
Once the food is trapped in the food vacuole, the process of digestion begins.
The cytoplasm surrounding the vacuole releases enzymes into it.
These enzymes break down the complex food into simpler, soluble substances.
Q21. After digestion in an amoeba, the dissolved food moves from the food vacuole into the surrounding cytoplasm. This process is called DEFINITION
• Digestion
• Ingestion
• Absorption
• Rumination
Answer: Absorption
In amoeba, there is no complex circulatory system.
The digested food diffuses directly from the food vacuole into the cytoplasm.
This process of taking in nutrients from the vacuole is called absorption.
Q22. The absorbed food in an amoeba is used by the cell for growth, energy, and repair. This step is called DEFINITION
• Absorption
• Digestion
• Assimilation
• Egestion
Answer: Assimilation
After the food is absorbed into the cytoplasm, it becomes part of the amoeba’s body.
The nutrients are used to perform functions and build new cell components.
This utilization of food is called assimilation.
Q23. In an amoeba, the undigested food is thrown out of the body when the food vacuole moves to the surface and bursts open. This is called DEFINITION
• Excretion
• Egestion
• Digestion
• Rumination
Answer: Egestion
Just like in complex animals, amoeba also needs to get rid of waste.
The food vacuole containing the undigested residue moves to the cell surface.
It fuses with the cell membrane and empties its contents to the outside. This is egestion.
Q24. The process by which an amoeba engulfs a food particle is called phagocytosis. This process is most similar to which human activity? REASONING
• Chewing food with teeth.
• Swallowing food through the food pipe.
• Churning of food in the stomach.
• Killing of germs by white blood cells.
Answer: Killing of germs by white blood cells.
White blood cells in humans also destroy germs by engulfing them, a process called phagocytosis.
Just like amoeba, they use their cell membrane to surround and trap the foreign particle.
This shows a similarity in function between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Q25. One similarity between nutrition in amoeba and humans is that both involve REASONING
• A mouth and teeth for ingestion.
• A stomach for digestion.
• The steps of digestion, absorption, and assimilation.
• A complex digestive system with many organs.
Answer: The steps of digestion, absorption, and assimilation.
The fundamental process of nutrition is the same in all animals.
Both amoeba and humans must ingest, digest, absorb, assimilate, and egest food.
The main difference lies in the complexity of the structures used to perform these steps.
Q26. A major difference between digestion in amoeba and humans is that in amoeba, digestion takes place REASONING
• Inside a food vacuole within the cell.
• In a specialized organ called the stomach.
• With the help of bacteria.
• Only outside the body.
Answer: Inside a food vacuole within the cell.
Humans have a complex digestive tract with many organs where digestion occurs.
Amoeba is a single cell, so it cannot have organs.
Instead, it forms temporary food vacuoles inside its own cell, which act as “intracellular stomachs.”
Q27. The simple sugar into which carbohydrates are finally broken down and absorbed into the blood is DEFINITION
• Amino acid
• Glycerol
• Fatty acid
• Glucose
Answer: Glucose
Carbohydrates like starch are complex molecules.
During digestion, they are broken down into simpler, soluble sugars.
The final and most common simple sugar produced is glucose, which gives us instant energy.
Q28. The building blocks of proteins, which are absorbed into the blood after digestion, are called DEFINITION
• Glucose
• Fatty acids
• Amino acids
• Glycerol
Answer: Amino acids
Proteins are large and complex molecules needed for body growth and repair.
Digestion breaks proteins down into their smaller units called amino acids.
These amino acids are then absorbed and used by the body to build its own proteins.
Q29. The greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver that helps in the digestion of fats is called DEFINITION
• Saliva
• Pancreatic juice
• Bile
• Gastric juice
Answer: Bile
Bile is produced by the liver, the largest gland in the body.
It is stored in a small sac called the gall bladder.
Bile breaks down large fat droplets into smaller ones, a process called emulsification, making digestion easier.
Q30. The part of the mouth is also known as the DEFINITION
• Food pipe
• Buccal cavity
• Windpipe
• Oesophagus
Answer: Buccal cavity
The mouth cavity is scientifically termed the buccal cavity.
It contains the teeth and tongue, which help in the initial mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Saliva is also secreted here by the salivary glands.
Q31. The pointed teeth that are used for tearing food, especially flesh, are called DEFINITION
• Incisors
• Canines
• Premolars
• Molars
Answer: Canines
Canines are the sharp, pointed teeth located on either side of the incisors.
They are well-developed in carnivores for piercing and tearing flesh.
In humans, they are used for tearing pieces of firm food.
Q32. The process of digesting food is not just chemical but also physical. An example of physical digestion in humans is EXAMPLE BASED
• Action of saliva on starch.
• Action of bile on fats.
• Chewing of food by teeth.
• Action of pepsin on proteins.
Answer: Chewing of food by teeth.
Physical digestion involves breaking food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical nature.
Chewing by teeth is a prime example.
This increases the surface area of the food, making it easier for enzymes to work on it chemically.
Q33. A carbohydrate that humans cannot digest due to the lack of the enzyme cellulase is REASONING
• Starch
• Sucrose
• Cellulose
• Glucose
Answer: Cellulose
Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in plant cell walls.
Ruminants have bacteria in their stomach that produce the enzyme cellulase to digest it.
Humans do not have these bacteria and do not produce cellulase, so cellulose (dietary fiber) passes through our system undigested.
Q34. In the process of rumination, the food is chewed FACT
• Only once before swallowing.
• Only after it is completely digested.
• Twice – once quickly and then again slowly.
• Only in the stomach by bacteria.
Answer: Twice – once quickly and then again slowly.
Ruminants swallow their food with very little chewing the first time.
After it is stored in the rumen and formed into cud, they bring it back to the mouth.
They then chew the cud thoroughly and slowly before swallowing it again for final digestion.
Q35. The temporary structure in an amoeba that performs a function similar to the human stomach is the REASONING
• Nucleus
• Pseudopodia
• Cell membrane
• Food vacuole
Answer: Food vacuole
In humans, the stomach is a sac where food is mixed with digestive juices.
In amoeba, the food vacuole serves this exact purpose.
It is a sac-like structure where food is trapped and digested by enzymes.
Q36. The rhythmic contraction of muscles in the walls of the alimentary canal that pushes food forward is called DEFINITION
• Digestion
• Peristalsis
• Absorption
• Rumination
Answer: Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions.
These contractions occur along the food pipe, stomach, and intestines.
They are responsible for moving food in a forward direction through the digestive tract.
Q37. The finger-like projections present on the inner wall of the small intestine that help in absorption are called DEFINITION
• Pseudopodia
• Cilia
• Villi
• Rugae
Answer: Villi
Villi are tiny, finger-like projections that line the small intestine.
They greatly increase the surface area for absorption.
Each villus contains blood vessels that absorb digested food and carry it away.
Q38. The inner lining of the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid which helps to FACT
• Digest carbohydrates.
• Kill harmful bacteria in the food.
• Absorb water.
• Breakdown fats.
Answer: Kill harmful bacteria in the food.
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach creates a very acidic environment.
This acidity is strong enough to kill many of the bacteria that enter the body along with food.
This helps prevent infections.
Q39. The semi-digested, acidic food that comes from the stomach into the small intestine is called DEFINITION
• Bolus
• Cud
• Chyme
• Faeces
Answer: Chyme
After the stomach has churned the food and mixed it with gastric juices, it becomes a semi-fluid paste.
This paste is called chyme.
It is released bit by bit into the small intestine for further digestion.
Q40. The chewed, moistened ball of food that is formed in the mouth and pushed into the food pipe is called DEFINITION
• Chyme
• Bolus
• Cud
• Villi
Answer: Bolus
When food is chewed, it is mixed with saliva and rolled by the tongue.
This soft, rounded mass is called a bolus.
The bolus is then swallowed and enters the food pipe or esophagus.
Q41. The wide, tubular part of the alimentary canal that absorbs water from the undigested food is the DEFINITION
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Oesophagus
Answer: Large intestine
The large intestine is the final part of the digestive tract.
Its main function is to absorb water and some minerals from the undigested food matter.
This process helps form solid feces.
Q42. A grass-eating animal has a long small intestine. This is because REASONING
• It eats very fast.
• Cellulose is difficult to digest and takes a long time to break down.
• It needs to store more food.
• It does not have a stomach.
Answer: Cellulose is difficult to digest and takes a long time to break down.
Plant food like grass contains cellulose, which is very tough to digest.
A longer small intestine provides a larger surface area and more time.
This allows for the complete digestion and absorption of nutrients from this difficult-to-process food.
Q43. An animal that does not chew its food but swallows it whole and digests it slowly over a long period is the EXAMPLE BASED
• Cow
• Goat
• Snake
• Eagle
Answer: Snake
Snakes are carnivores that swallow their prey whole.
They do not chew their food.
Digestion is a slow process aided by strong enzymes in their stomach, and they can take days or weeks to fully digest a meal.
Q44. A carnivore like a lion has very strong and pointed teeth called canines. This adaptation is for REASONING
• Grinding grass.
• Cutting and tearing flesh.
• Biting fruits.
• Sucking nectar.
Answer: Cutting and tearing flesh.
Different animals have different types of teeth adapted to their diet.
Lions and other carnivores need to tear flesh from their prey.
Their long, pointed canines are perfectly shaped for this task.
Q45. The pancreas is a gland that secretes pancreatic juice which helps in the digestion of FACT
• Only carbohydrates
• Only proteins
• Only fats
• All components of food (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats)
Answer: All components of food (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats)
The pancreas is a vital digestive gland.
Its pancreatic juice contains multiple enzymes.
These enzymes work together to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into their simplest forms.
Q46. The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled from the body is called the DEFINITION
• Rectum
• Anus
• Oesophagus
• Caecum
Answer: Anus
The anus is the last part of the alimentary canal.
It is the external opening through which undigested food (feces) is egested.
It is controlled by muscles called sphincters.
Q47. The gland that is the largest in the human body and secretes bile is the FACT
• Pancreas
• Salivary gland
• Liver
• Stomach
Answer: Liver
The liver is the largest gland in the human body.
It performs many functions, one of which is secreting bile.
Bile is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats.
Q48. The first part of the large intestine, which is a small pouch, is called the DEFINITION
• Rectum
• Anus
• Caecum
• Colon
Answer: Caecum
The caecum is a pouch that marks the beginning of the large intestine.
It receives the liquid waste from the small intestine.
In humans, a small, finger-like structure called the appendix is attached to the caecum.
Q49. In unicellular organisms like amoeba, the undigested food is removed by a process similar to REASONING
• A human breathing out.
• A human sweating.
• A human egestion through the anus.
• A human absorbing food.
Answer: A human egestion through the anus.
Both processes involve removing waste material that was never part of the body’s cells.
In amoeba, the waste is from the food vacuole. In humans, it is from the digestive tract.
While the method differs, the overall purpose and the name of the process (egestion) are the same.
Q50. An animal that has a four-chambered stomach to digest cellulose is a EXAMPLE BASED
• Human being
• Lion
• Buffalo
• Snake
Answer: Buffalo
A buffalo is a grass-eating animal, also known as a ruminant.
Ruminants have a specialized four-chambered stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum).
This adaptation allows them to digest the cellulose present in grass.