*1. Normal haemoglobin content differs between
(A) Humans and birds
(B) Animals and plants
(C) Children and adults
(D) Fish and reptiles
ANSWER: Children and adults**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Haemoglobin increases with age; adults have higher Hb than children, so levels differ.
Wrong:
(A) Humans & birds have completely different physiology, not normal Hb comparison.
(B) Plants do not have haemoglobin at all.
(D) Fish & reptiles have different oxygen systems; question is about normal human variation.
**2. Haemoglobin level is generally higher in
(A) Women
(B) Children
(C) Men
(D) Infants
ANSWER: Men**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Testosterone in men stimulates more RBC production → higher Hb.
Wrong:
(A) Women have lower Hb due to menstruation.
(B) Children have lower Hb than adults.
(D) Infants have varying Hb but not consistently high.
**3. Blood is a type of
(A) Muscle tissue
(B) Nervous tissue
(C) Connective tissue
(D) Epithelial tissue
ANSWER: Connective tissue**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Blood connects organs by transporting substances; it has cells suspended in plasma—fits connective tissue definition.
Wrong:
(A) Not contractile.
(B) Does not transmit nerve impulses.
(D) Does not form coverings.
**4. Fluid part of blood is called
(A) Serum
(B) Plasma
(C) Lymph
(D) Mucus
ANSWER: Plasma**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Plasma is the liquid component containing water, proteins, nutrients.
Wrong:
(A) Serum = plasma minus clotting factors.
(C) Lymph is tissue fluid, not blood.
(D) Mucus is a secretion.
**5. Oxygen is transported by
(A) Plasma
(B) Platelets
(C) White blood cells
(D) Red blood cells
ANSWER: Red blood cells**
Explanation:
Correct (D): RBCs contain haemoglobin which binds oxygen.
Wrong:
(A) Plasma carries very little dissolved oxygen.
(B) Platelets clot blood.
(C) WBCs fight infection.
**6. Nutrients and wastes are carried mainly by
(A) RBC
(B) Plasma
(C) Platelets
(D) Hemoglobin
ANSWER: Plasma**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Plasma carries glucose, amino acids, hormones, urea etc.
Wrong:
(A) RBCs mainly carry oxygen.
(C) Platelets handle clotting.
(D) Haemoglobin carries oxygen, not nutrients.
**7. Organ that pumps blood is
(A) Liver
(B) Lungs
(C) Heart
(D) Kidney
ANSWER: Heart**
Explanation:
Correct (C): The heart contracts to push blood throughout the body.
Wrong:
(A) Liver filters blood but doesn’t pump.
(B) Lungs exchange gases.
(D) Kidneys filter waste.
**8. The heart is as big as
(A) Head
(B) Foot
(C) Fist
(D) Palm
ANSWER: Fist**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Adult heart size ≈ closed fist.
Wrong:
(A) Much smaller than head.
(B) Foot size varies greatly.
(D) Palm is larger.
**9. Left atrium receives blood from
(A) Body
(B) Lungs
(C) Liver
(D) Kidney
ANSWER: Lungs**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Left atrium gets oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins.
Wrong:
(A)/(C)/(D) Blood from body organs enters right atrium.
**10. Oxygenated blood enters
(A) Right atrium
(B) Right ventricle
(C) Left atrium
(D) Left ventricle
ANSWER: Left atrium**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Pulmonary veins deliver oxygen-rich blood to left atrium.
Wrong:
(A)/(B) Right side handles deoxygenated blood.
(D) Receives blood after left atrium.
**11. Left ventricle pumps blood to
(A) Lungs
(B) Body
(C) Liver
(D) Kidneys
ANSWER: Body**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to entire body (systemic circulation).
Wrong:
(A) Right ventricle sends blood to lungs.
(C)/(D) These receive blood as part of systemic flow.
**12. Deoxygenated blood enters
(A) Left atrium
(B) Right atrium
(C) Left ventricle
(D) Pulmonary vein
ANSWER: Right atrium**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Veins from body bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium.
Wrong:
(A)/(C) Left heart receives oxygenated blood.
(D) Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.
**13. Chamber that pumps blood to lungs
(A) Left atrium
(B) Left ventricle
(C) Right atrium
(D) Right ventricle
ANSWER: Right ventricle**
Explanation:
Correct (D): Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary artery.
Wrong:
(A)/(C) Atria receive blood; they don’t pump out.
(B) Pumps to body.
**14. Thicker heart walls are present in
(A) Atria
(B) Capillaries
(C) Ventricles
(D) Veins
ANSWER: Ventricles**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Ventricles pump blood over longer distances → thicker muscles.
Wrong:
(A) Atria only receive blood.
(B) Capillaries are one-cell thick.
(D) Veins have thin walls.
**15. Function of heart valves is to
(A) Pump blood
(B) Stop backflow
(C) Increase pressure
(D) Add oxygen
ANSWER: Stop backflow**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Valves ensure one-way blood flow.
Wrong:
(A)-way blood flow.
Wrong:
(A) Muscles pump blood.
(C) Pressure comes from contraction.
(D) Oxygenation happens in lungs.
**16. Birds and mammals have
(A) Two-chambered heart
(B) Three-chambered heart
(C) Four-chambered heart
(D) Single chamber heart
ANSWER: Four-chambered heart**
Explanation:
Correct (C): 2 atria + 2 ventricles for efficient oxygenation.
Wrong:
(A) Fish.
(B) Amphibians.
(D) No animal has a single chamber.
**17. Amphibians mostly have
(A) 2 chambers
(B) 3 chambers
(C) 4 chambers
(D) 5 chambers
ANSWER: 3 chambers**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Two atria, one ventricle.
Wrong:
(A) Fish.
(C) Birds/mammals.
(D) Not found in vertebrates.
**18. Heart of fish has
(A) 1 chamber
(B) 2 chambers
(C) 3 chambers
(D) 4 chambers
ANSWER: 2 chambers**
Explanation:
Correct (B): One atrium + one ventricle.
Wrong:
(A) Does not occur.
(C)/(D) Higher vertebrates.
**19. In fish, blood passes through heart
(A) Once
(B) Twice
(C) Thrice
(D) Never
ANSWER: Once**
Explanation:
Correct (A): Single circulation system.
Wrong:
(B) Double circulation = mammals.
(C)/(D) Incorrect flow patterns.
**20. Double circulation means blood passes
(A) Once through heart
(B) Twice through heart
(C) Never through heart
(D) Once in lungs
ANSWER: Twice through heart**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Pulmonary + systemic circuits.
Wrong:
(A) Single circulation.
(C) Impossible.
(D) Misleading.
**21. Pressure during heart contraction is
(A) Diastolic
(B) Systolic
(C) Normal
(D) Low
ANSWER: Systolic**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Systolic pressure = pressure when ventricles contract.
Wrong:
(A) Diastolic is during relaxation.
(C)/(D) Are not technical terms here.
**22. Normal systolic pressure is about
(A) 80 mm Hg
(B) 100 mm Hg
(C) 120 mm Hg
(D) 140 mm Hg
ANSWER: 120 mm Hg**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Average healthy adult systolic ≈ 120 mm Hg.
Wrong:
(A)/(B) Lower than normal.
(D) Indicates hypertension.
**23. Normal diastolic pressure is
(A) 60 mm Hg
(B) 80 mm Hg
(C) 120 mm Hg
(D) 140 mm Hg
ANSWER: 80 mm Hg**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Resting pressure typically around 80 mm Hg.
Wrong:
(A) Too low.
(C)/(D) Too high.
**24. Instrument to measure BP is
(A) Barometer
(B) Thermometer
(C) Sphygmomanometer
(D) Manometer
ANSWER: Sphygmomanometer**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Standard BP measuring device.
Wrong:
(A) Measures air pressure.
(B) Temperature.
(D) Not used for BP.
**25. High BP is also called
(A) Diabetes
(B) Hypotension
(C) Hypertension
(D) Leukaemia
ANSWER: Hypertension**
Explanation:
Correct (C): “Hyper” = high; refers to high blood pressure.
Wrong:
(A) Blood sugar disorder.
(B) Low blood pressure.
(D) Blood cancer.
**26. Blood pressure is highest in
(A) Veins
(B) Arteries
(C) Capillaries
(D) Lymph vessels
ANSWER: Arteries**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Arteries receive blood directly from heart → highest pressure.
Wrong:
(A) Very low pressure.
(C) Very low for exchange.
(D) Lymph has lowest pressure.
**27. Arteries have
(A) Thin walls
(B) Thick elastic walls
(C) Valves
(D) Pores
ANSWER: Thick elastic walls**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Thick walls withstand high pressure from heart.
Wrong:
(A) Veins are thin.
(C) Valves in veins only.
(D) Pores are in capillaries.
**28. Veins carry blood
(A) From heart
(B) To heart
(C) Inside lungs
(D) To liver only
ANSWER: To heart**
Explanation:
Correct (B): All veins bring blood towards the heart.
Wrong:
(A) Arteries carry from heart.
(C) Both arteries and veins exist in lungs.
(D) Veins are not limited to liver.
**29. Capillaries have walls
(A) Three-cell thick
(B) Two-cell thick
(C) One-cell thick
(D) Thick muscle
ANSWER: One-cell thick**
Explanation:
Correct (C): One-cell thickness allows easy diffusion.
Wrong:
(A)/(B) Too thick for exchange.
(D) Muscular walls occur in arteries.
**30. Exchange with cells occurs in
(A) Arteries
(B) Veins
(C) Capillaries
(D) Heart
ANSWER: Capillaries**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Thin walls for nutrient & gas exchange.
Wrong:
(A)/(B) Walls too thick.
(D) Heart has no exchange function.
**31. Blood clotting helps to
(A) Increase oxygen
(B) Remove waste
(C) Stop bleeding
(D) Lower BP
ANSWER: Stop bleeding**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Clotting seals injuries to prevent blood loss.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(D) Clotting does not perform these roles.
**32. Cells responsible for clotting
(A) RBC
(B) WBC
(C) Platelets
(D) Plasma
ANSWER: Platelets**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Platelets release clotting factors.
Wrong:
(A) Transport oxygen.
(B) Immunity.
(D) Liquid component.
**33. Tissue fluid is called
(A) Plasma
(B) Lymph
(C) Pus
(D) Serum
ANSWER: Lymph**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Lymph = tissue fluid drained into lymph vessels.
Wrong:
(A) Inside blood.
(C) Infection fluid.
(D) Plasma without clotting factors.
**34. Lymph is
(A) Red
(B) Blue
(C) White
(D) Colourless
ANSWER: Colourless**
Explanation:
Correct (D): Lymph is transparent/light yellowish.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(C) Incorrect colours.
**35. Lymph contains less
(A) Oxygen
(B) Water
(C) Protein
(D) Sugar
ANSWER: Protein**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Lymph has low protein because proteins stay in blood.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(D) Not significantly reduced compared to blood.
**36. Lymph ultimately joins
(A) Arteries
(B) Heart
(C) Veins
(D) Capillaries
ANSWER: Veins**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Lymphatics drain into large veins near neck.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(D) Do not receive lymph directly.
**37. Lymph transports
(A) Oxygen
(B) Fats
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) Platelets
ANSWER: Fats**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Lacteals in intestine absorb fats into lymph.
Wrong:
(A)/(C) Gases are blood-transported.
(D) Platelets absent in lymph.
**38. Excess tissue fluid is returned to
(A) Lungs
(B) Heart
(C) Blood
(D) Liver
ANSWER: Blood**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Lymph returns to bloodstream to maintain fluid balance.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(D) Not directly involved.
**39. Roots absorb mainly
(A) Oxygen
(B) Nitrogen & minerals
(C) Food
(D) Sugar
ANSWER: Nitrogen & minerals**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Roots take in minerals and nitrogen from soil.
Wrong:
(A) Air oxygen taken by root hairs, but not main.
(C)/(D) Food is made in leaves.
**40. Leaf-made food is transported by
(A) Xylem
(B) Phloem
(C) Cortex
(D) Cambium
ANSWER: Phloem**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Phloem carries sucrose from leaves to rest of plant.
Wrong:
(A) Water/minerals.
(C)/(D) Not transport tissues.
**41. Water moves in plants through
(A) Phloem
(B) Xylem
(C) Cambium
(D) Bark
ANSWER: Xylem**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Xylem conducts water upward.
Wrong:
(A) Carries food.
(C)/(D) Not water channels.
**42. Xylem carries
(A) Food
(B) Hormones
(C) Water & minerals
(D) CO₂
ANSWER: Water & minerals**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Main function.
Wrong:
(A) Food in phloem.
(B) Hormones move everywhere.
(D) CO₂ enters leaves from air.
**43. Phloem carries
(A) Water
(B) Minerals
(C) Food
(D) Oxygen
ANSWER: Food**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Transports sugars.
Wrong:
(A)/(B) Xylem.
(D) Not transported in plants like animals.
**44. Tall plants need transport due to
(A) More oxygen
(B) Long distance
(C) More food
(D) Less roots
ANSWER: Long distance**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Tall plants must move water upward long distances.
Wrong:
(A)/(C)/(D) Not primary reason.
**45. Active uptake of ions happens in
(A) Stem
(B) Leaves
(C) Roots
(D) Flowers
ANSWER: Roots**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Roots actively absorb minerals using ATP.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(D) Do not perform active ion intake from soil.
**46. Movement of water into roots is due to
(A) Filtration
(B) Diffusion
(C) Osmosis
(D) Transpiration
ANSWER: Osmosis**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Water flows from soil (high water potential) into root cells (low water potential).
Wrong:
(A) Not used here.
(B) Not selective.
(D) Creates pull but not entry mechanism.
**47. Root pressure forms due to
(A) Soil pressure
(B) Active ion intake
(C) Temperature
(D) Wind
ANSWER: Active ion intake**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Ions pumped into xylem cause water to enter → pressure.
Wrong:
(A)/(C)/(D) Do not generate root pressure.
**48. Xylem system is
(A) Separate
(B) Dead only
(C) Continuous
(D) Circular
ANSWER: Continuous**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Xylem forms uninterrupted tubes from roots to leaves.
Wrong:
(A) Not separate units.
(B) Mostly dead cells but not answer.
(D) Not circular shape.
**49. Plants have low energy needs because
(A) No oxygen
(B) Dead cells present
(C) No roots
(D) No blood
ANSWER: Dead cells present**
Explanation:
Correct (B): Transport tissues (xylem) are dead → no energy needed for flow.
Wrong:
(A) They use oxygen.
(C) Plants have roots.
(D) Irrelevant to energy need.
**50. Two plant transport pathways are
(A) Xylem & Cortex
(B) Phloem & Cambium
(C) Xylem & Phloem
(D) Xylem & Bark
ANSWER: Xylem & Phloem**
Explanation:
Correct (C): Xylem = water; Phloem = food → main transport systems.
Wrong:
(A)/(B)/(D) These tissues do not form major transport pathways.