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Q1. The right kind of soil for the healthy growth of most crops is one that is:
The right kind of soil for healthy crop growth is rich in humus (organic matter) and has good water-holding capacity. Sandy soil drains water too quickly and lacks nutrients, while clayey soil retains too much water and becomes waterlogged. Completely dry and rocky soil cannot support plant growth. Loamy soil with humus provides the ideal balance of drainage, aeration, and nutrients for most crops.
Q2. Before sowing, seeds are selected based on their:
Seeds are selected based on their size, weight, and health. Healthy, plump seeds are more likely to germinate and produce strong, healthy plants. Colour and price are not reliable indicators of seed quality, and taste and smell are not used for selection. The origin and name of the seed are less important than its physical quality and health.
Q3. The process of loosening and turning the soil is called:
Ploughing is the process of loosening and turning the soil to prepare it for sowing. This aerates the soil, allows roots to penetrate easily, and helps mix nutrients and organic matter into the soil. Irrigation is watering the crops, weeding is removing unwanted plants, and harvesting is gathering mature crops.
Q4. Which of the following is a Kharif crop, sown at the beginning of the rainy season?
Maize is a Kharif crop, sown at the beginning of the rainy season (June-July) and harvested in autumn (September-October). Wheat, gram, and mustard are Rabi crops, sown in winter and harvested in spring. Kharif crops depend on monsoon rains for their growth.
Q5. The agricultural practice of supplying water to crops at regular intervals is known as:
Irrigation is the practice of supplying water to crops at regular intervals. This ensures that crops receive enough moisture, especially in areas with insufficient rainfall. Weeding is removing unwanted plants, manuring is adding nutrients to the soil, and threshing is separating grains from the cut crop.
Q6. For healthy growth, wheat requires a:
Wheat grows best in a cool climate during its growing season and requires bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It does not thrive in hot and humid conditions, nor does it need a cold and dry climate throughout. The cool climate helps the plant develop, while sunshine at ripening ensures good grain quality.
Q7. The process of removing unwanted plants from the field is called:
Weeding is the process of removing unwanted plants (weeds) from the field. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and light, so removing them is essential for healthy crop growth. Sowing is planting seeds, harvesting is gathering mature crops, and ploughing is loosening the soil.
Q8. Which of the following is a major rabi crop in Jammu and Kashmir?
Wheat is a major rabi crop in Jammu and Kashmir, sown in winter (October-November) and harvested in spring (March-April). Rice and maize are kharif crops grown in the rainy season, and jawar is also a kharif crop. Wheat is the staple rabi crop in the region.
Q9. The crop that is used both as food and fodder and is known as “the queen of cereals” is:
Maize is known as “the queen of cereals” because of its high productivity and versatility. It is used both as food for humans and as fodder for animals. Barley, jawar, and rice are also used as food but are not typically called the queen of cereals. Maize is a highly important crop worldwide.
Q10. Pulses are an important source of:
Pulses are an important source of proteins, especially for vegetarian diets. They are rich in amino acids and are a key part of a balanced diet. Carbohydrates are mainly from cereals, fats from oils, and vitamins from fruits and vegetables. Pulses are essential for meeting protein requirements.
Q11. The scientific practice of cultivating fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants is called:
Horticulture is the scientific practice of cultivating fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Sericulture is silk production, apiculture is bee-keeping, and agriculture is the broader practice of crop cultivation. Horticulture is a specialised branch of agriculture focused on high-value crops.
Q12. Which of the following is a rabi crop, sown in winter and harvested in spring?
Barley is a rabi crop, sown in winter (October-November) and harvested in spring (March-April). Jawar and maize are kharif crops, and rice is also a kharif crop. Barley is grown in cooler regions and used for food, fodder, and malting.
Q13. The process of cutting and gathering mature crops from the field is known as:
Harvesting is the process of cutting and gathering mature crops from the field. Sowing is planting seeds, weeding is removing unwanted plants, and threshing is separating grains from the cut crop. Harvesting is done when the crop is fully mature and ready for collection.
Q14. Which of the following pulses is commonly grown in Jammu and Kashmir?
Rajmash (kidney beans) is a common pulse grown in Jammu and Kashmir, especially in higher altitudes. Tur, urad, and moong are more common in the plains of India. Rajmash is a popular and important legume in the region, used in various traditional dishes.
Q15. The supply of water to crops through canals, wells, and tube wells is an example of:
Artificial irrigation is the supply of water to crops through human-made systems like canals, wells, and tube wells. Natural irrigation depends on rainfall. Rain-fed farming relies only on rain, and dry farming is practiced in low-rainfall areas. Artificial irrigation ensures water availability during dry periods.
Q16. Which part of the wheat plant is ground to make flour?
The grain (seed) of the wheat plant is ground to make flour. The stem, leaves, and root are not used for making flour. Wheat flour is a staple food in many parts of the world and is used to make bread, chapati, and other baked goods.
Q17. A good seed for sowing should be:
A good seed for sowing should be healthy, clean, and free from pests. Shriveled or discolored seeds are not viable and will not germinate well. Seeds mixed with weeds will cause problems, and soaking for a week is not recommended. Healthy seeds ensure good germination and yield.
Q18. Jawar is a crop that is mainly grown as:
Jawar (sorghum) is grown both as a cereal for human consumption and as fodder for animals. It is not an oilseed crop, a cash crop (like cotton), or a plantation crop (like tea). It is a drought-tolerant coarse grain grown in dry regions.
Q19. The practice of growing two or more different crops on the same piece of land in a year is called:
Multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more different crops on the same land in a year. Mixed cropping is growing multiple crops simultaneously, crop rotation is growing in sequence, and intercropping is growing two crops together in the same field. Multiple cropping increases productivity.
Q20. Which of the following is a traditional tool used for ploughing in India?
The plough (hal) is a traditional tool used for ploughing in India. It is pulled by animals and loosens the soil. Harvesters and combines are modern machines, and seed drills are used for sowing. The plough is still used in many rural areas.
Q21. Barley grains are commonly used for:
Barley grains are commonly used for making bread and as cattle feed. They are also used in soups and for malting in beer production. They are not used for making oil, sugar, or paper. Barley is a versatile cereal grain.
Q22. The process of separating grains from the cut crop is called:
Threshing is the process of separating grains from the cut crop (stems). Winnowing separates chaff from grains using wind, sowing is planting seeds, and irrigation is watering. Threshing is done after harvesting and before winnowing to remove the grain from the plant.
Q23. Which of the following is a key factor to consider when selecting the right kind of soil for a crop?
When selecting soil for a crop, consider its texture, water-holding capacity, and nutrient content. Colour alone is not sufficient, location is secondary, and weight is not relevant. These factors determine how well a crop will grow and what nutrients it will receive.
Q24. Maize grows best in:
Maize grows best in well-drained, fertile soil with adequate rainfall. It does not tolerate waterlogged conditions, sandy soil with low rainfall, or dry, rocky soil. Maize requires good moisture and nutrients for a good yield.
Q25. Which of the following is a major cereal crop grown in Jammu and Kashmir?
Rice is a major cereal crop grown in Jammu and Kashmir, especially in the Kashmir Valley. Millet, ragi, and jawar are more common in other parts of India. Rice is a staple food in the region and is grown in the kharif season.
Q26. The practice of growing a series of different crops on the same land in a planned sequence is called:
Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in a planned sequence on the same land. It helps maintain soil fertility and reduces pest and disease buildup. Mixed cropping, intercropping, and relay cropping are different practices. Crop rotation is a sustainable farming method.
Q27. Which of the following crops is known as a “coarse grain” and is highly tolerant of drought conditions?
Jawar (sorghum) is known as a “coarse grain” and is highly tolerant of drought conditions. It can grow in areas with low rainfall. Wheat and rice require more water, and maize also needs adequate moisture. Jawar is a hardy crop suited to dry regions.
Q28. Manures and fertilizers are added to the soil to:
Manures and fertilizers are added to the soil to replenish nutrients lost due to continuous cropping. They provide essential elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plant growth. They do not primarily increase water-holding capacity, make soil acidic, or change color.
Q29. Which of the following is a basic practice of agriculture that comes just after ploughing?
After ploughing, the next basic practice is sowing the seeds. Harvesting comes at the end, weeding is done after germination, and irrigation is done after sowing. Sowing is the second step in crop production after soil preparation.
Q30. The fruit of the wheat plant, which is used for consumption, is called a:
The fruit of the wheat plant is called a kernel (or grain). It is the part that is ground to make flour. Pods are found in legumes, berries are fleshy fruits, and capsules are dry fruits. The wheat kernel is a dry fruit called a caryopsis.
Q31. Which of the following is an example of a leguminous crop that helps in nitrogen fixation in the soil?
Gram (a pulse) is a leguminous crop that fixes nitrogen in the soil through Rhizobium bacteria in its root nodules. Wheat, maize, and barley are cereals and do not fix nitrogen. Leguminous crops enrich soil fertility naturally.
Q32. The main purpose of weeding is to:
Weeding removes unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops for nutrients, water, and light. It does not increase the number of plants, harden the soil, or protect from animals. Weeding is essential for healthy crop growth and high yields.
Q33. Horticulture in Jammu and Kashmir is famous for the production of:
Horticulture in Jammu and Kashmir is famous for apples and saffron. The region is known for high-quality apples and saffron production. Rice and wheat are field crops, cotton and sugarcane are grown in other states, and tea and coffee are plantation crops.
Q34. The process of separating chaff from the grains by allowing the wind to blow the lighter chaff away is called:
Winnowing is the process of separating chaff (light husk) from grains by allowing wind to blow the lighter chaff away. Threshing separates grains from stalks, harvesting is cutting crops, and sowing is planting seeds. Winnowing is a traditional method.
Q35. Which of the following is not a basic practice of crop production?
Weaving of cloth is not a basic practice of crop production. Basic practices include preparation of soil, sowing, irrigation, weeding, harvesting, and storage. Weaving is a post-harvest processing of fibres, not a crop production practice.
Q36. Barley is more tolerant of:
Barley is more tolerant of saline and alkaline soils compared to wheat. It can grow in harsher conditions than wheat, making it a hardy cereal. It is not tolerant of high temperatures, waterlogged conditions, or deep shade.
Q37. The selection of right seeds is important because:
Selecting the right seeds ensures a healthy and good-quality yield. Good seeds germinate well and produce strong plants. They do not reduce the need for water, eliminate ploughing, or make crops grow faster. Seed quality is critical for crop success.
Q38. Which of the following crops is a major source of animal feed and is also grown for its grain in Jammu and Kashmir?
Maize is a major source of animal feed and is also grown for its grain in Jammu and Kashmir. Rice is primarily for human consumption, saffron is a spice, and apples are horticultural fruits. Maize serves both purposes as food and fodder.
Q39. The “right kind of soil” for a particular crop refers to soil that has:
The “right kind of soil” for a crop has the correct texture and nutrient composition for its growth. Different crops need different soil types. Soil color and the presence of only sand or clay are not sufficient. Texture and nutrients are key factors.
Q40. In wheat cultivation, the field is ploughed to:
Ploughing aerates the soil and allows roots to penetrate easily. It also helps mix nutrients and control weeds. It does not make soil compact, remove moisture, or destroy seeds (unless old seeds). Aeration is the main purpose of ploughing.
Q41. Which of the following is a major pulse crop grown in the plains of India but also found in some parts of Jammu?
Moong (green gram) is a major pulse crop grown in the plains of India and also found in some parts of Jammu. Saffron, apples, and walnuts are horticultural products, not pulse crops. Moong is a common legume grown for its protein-rich seeds.
Q42. The practice of leaving the field fallow (uncultivated) for one season helps in:
Leaving the field fallow allows the soil to regain its fertility by replenishing nutrients and organic matter. It does not directly increase yield, reduce irrigation, or protect from pests. Fallowing is a traditional soil conservation method.
Q43. Which of the following is a kharif crop among the cereals?
Jawar is a kharif crop grown in the rainy season. Wheat, barley, and gram are rabi crops. Kharif crops are sown at the start of the monsoon and harvested in autumn. Jawar is a drought-tolerant cereal.
Q44. A modern method of irrigation that helps in water conservation is:
The sprinkler system is a modern irrigation method that conserves water by spraying water like rain. Flood, furrow, and basin irrigation are traditional and less efficient. Sprinklers are widely used in areas with water scarcity.
Q45. Which of the following crops requires a cold, dry climate and is typically grown in the higher altitudes of Jammu and Kashmir?
Barley requires a cold, dry climate and is grown in higher altitudes of Jammu and Kashmir. Rice requires warm, wet conditions, and cotton and sugarcane require warm climates. Barley is a hardy cereal suited to cooler regions.
Q46. The first step in the basic practices of agriculture is:
Preparation of soil is the first step in the basic practices of agriculture. This involves ploughing and levelling the field. Sowing, adding manure, and irrigation come later. Soil preparation is essential before planting.
Q47. Pulses are different from cereals because they:
Pulses have higher protein content than cereals and fix nitrogen in the soil through their root nodules. They are not grown only in summer, not only used as feed, and do not generally require more water. They are valuable for nutrition and soil health.
Q48. Which of the following is a rabi crop, commonly known as “winter cereal”?
Wheat is a rabi crop commonly known as “winter cereal.” It is sown in winter and harvested in spring. Maize, rice, and jawar are kharif crops. Wheat is the staple grain in many parts of India.
Q49. The selection of the right seeds can be done by:
Seeds that sink in water are generally healthy and viable, while floating seeds are often damaged or empty. This is a simple test for seed selection. The largest seeds may not always be best, and discolored seeds should be avoided. Buying without checking is not recommended.
Q50. A combine harvester is a machine that performs which two basic practices of agriculture simultaneously?
A combine harvester performs harvesting and threshing simultaneously. It cuts the crop and separates the grains from the stalks in one operation. It does not plough, sow, weed, irrigate, or manure. This machine saves time and labor.