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Q1. What is the main function of carbohydrates in our body?
Carbohydrates are the primary energy-giving nutrients in our diet. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by our body for energy for all activities. Proteins build muscles, vitamins fight diseases, and water helps in oxygen transport.
Q2. Which of these is a source of simple carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are sugars that are quickly digested. Table sugar (sucrose) is a simple carbohydrate. Whole wheat bread, brown rice, and potatoes contain complex carbohydrates (starches) that take longer to digest.
Q3. Foods like bread and rice are rich in which nutrient?
Bread and rice are rich sources of carbohydrates. They provide energy to the body. Proteins are found in dal and meat, vitamins in fruits and vegetables, and fats in oils and butter.
Q4. Which nutrient is called the body’s “building block”?
Proteins are called the body’s building blocks because they are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues like muscles, skin, and organs. Carbohydrates provide energy, fats store energy, and vitamins regulate body functions.
Q5. Which vitamin is essential for good eyesight, especially in dim light?
Vitamin A is essential for good eyesight, especially in dim light. Its deficiency causes night blindness. Vitamin B is for energy, Vitamin C for immunity, and Vitamin D for bones.
Q6. Which mineral is needed for making red blood cells and carrying oxygen?
Iron is needed for making haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Calcium is for bones, iodine for the thyroid, and phosphorus also for bones and teeth.
Q7. What is the main role of fats in our body?
Fats store energy for later use, provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates, insulate the body, and protect organs. They also help absorb fat-soluble vitamins. Carbohydrates provide quick energy, and proteins build cell walls.
Q8. Which of these is a good source of protein?
Lentils (dal) are a rich source of protein, especially for vegetarians. Butter is a fat, orange is a vitamin C source, and potato is a carbohydrate.
Q9. Rickets is a disease caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft, weak bones in children. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, Vitamin B causes Beri-Beri, and Vitamin C causes scurvy.
Q10. Scurvy, a disease causing bleeding gums, is due to lack of which vitamin?
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C. Its symptoms include bleeding gums, slow healing of wounds, and weakness. Vitamin A is for eyes, Vitamin B1 is for nerves, and Vitamin D is for bones.
Q11. Which type of fat is usually solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature. Examples include butter, ghee, and animal fats. Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature (like oils). Saturated fats are less healthy for the heart.
Q12. Which of these is a source of unsaturated fats?
Mustard oil is a source of unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature and considered healthier. Butter, coconut oil, and cheese are sources of saturated fats.
Q13. Which mineral is essential for making our bones and teeth strong?
Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth. It also helps in muscle contraction and blood clotting. Iron is for blood, iodine for the thyroid, and sodium for fluid balance.
Q14. Goitre, a swelling of the neck, is caused by the deficiency of which mineral?
Goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, which affects the thyroid gland. Iron deficiency causes anaemia, calcium is for bones, and phosphorus is also for bones.
Q15. Which of these is a complex carbohydrate?
Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in foods like potatoes, rice, and wheat. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose are simple carbohydrates (sugars). Complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy.
Q16. What is the main function of roughage or dietary fibre?
Roughage adds bulk to food and helps in easy bowel movement, preventing constipation. It does not provide energy or build muscles, and fats store energy.
Q17. Which vitamin helps our body fight infections and heal wounds?
Vitamin C helps strengthen the immune system, fight infections, and heal wounds. Vitamin A is for eyesight, Vitamin B for energy, and Vitamin K for blood clotting.
Q18. Which of these foods is a good source of carbohydrates?
Chapati is made from wheat flour, which is rich in carbohydrates. Egg, chicken, and fish are rich in proteins. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body.
Q19. Which nutrient helps in the formation of cell membranes and protects our organs?
Fats are essential for forming cell membranes and protecting organs. They also store energy and insulate the body. Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins build tissues, and vitamins regulate body functions.
Q20. Which of these is NOT a function of proteins?
Carbohydrates provide immediate energy. Proteins are for growth, repair, making enzymes and hormones, and fighting diseases (as antibodies). Proteins can be used for energy but are not the immediate source.
Q21. Night blindness is associated with the deficiency of which nutrient?
Night blindness is caused by Vitamin A deficiency. It leads to poor vision in dim light. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, and calcium is for bones.
Q22. Which type of carbohydrate provides energy over a longer period?
Complex carbohydrates (starches) take longer to digest, providing sustained energy over a longer period. Simple carbohydrates (sugars) provide quick but short-lived energy.
Q23. Anaemia is caused by a deficiency of which mineral in the diet?
Anaemia is caused by iron deficiency, leading to low haemoglobin levels in blood. Calcium is for bones, iodine for the thyroid, and sodium for fluid balance.
Q24. Which vitamin is known as the “sunshine vitamin” because our body can make it with sunlight?
Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because our body can produce it when our skin is exposed to sunlight. It helps in calcium absorption for strong bones. Vitamin A is for eyes, Vitamin B12 is for nerves, and Vitamin C is for immunity.
Q25. Which of these is an example of saturated fat?
Butter is a saturated fat, which is solid at room temperature. Olive oil, groundnut oil, and sesame oil are unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature and considered healthier.
Q26. What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are classified into two main types: simple carbohydrates (sugars) and complex carbohydrates (starches and fibre). Saturated and unsaturated are types of fats, not carbohydrates.
Q27. Which nutrient is needed in small amounts but is vital for regulating body processes?
Vitamins are needed in small amounts but are vital for regulating body processes and maintaining health. They do not provide energy but are essential for various functions. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are needed in larger amounts.
Q28. Which of these is a source of animal protein?
Milk is a source of animal protein. Peas, chickpeas, and beans are plant sources of protein. Animal proteins include meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.
Q29. Which mineral, along with calcium, is important for strong bones and teeth?
Phosphorus, along with calcium, is essential for strong bones and teeth. Iron is for blood, iodine for the thyroid, and sodium for fluid balance. Both calcium and phosphorus work together for bone health.
Q30. Which vitamin helps in the clotting of blood when we get a cut?
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. When we get a cut, Vitamin K helps the blood to clot and stop bleeding. Vitamin A is for eyes, Vitamin B for energy, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant.
Q31. Which of these is a simple carbohydrate found in fruits?
Fructose is a simple carbohydrate (sugar) found naturally in fruits. Starch is a complex carbohydrate, cellulose is fibre, and lactose is milk sugar.
Q32. Oils like sunflower and corn oil are rich in which type of fat?
Sunflower and corn oil are rich in unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature and considered heart-healthy. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, and trans fats are artificially created.
Q33. Which nutrient deficiency leads to the disease Kwashiorkor?
Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by severe protein deficiency. It leads to swelling, weakness, and stunted growth. Carbohydrate deficiency causes lack of energy, and Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy.
Q34. Which of these provides the most energy per gram?
Fats provide the most energy per gram (9 calories per gram), compared to carbohydrates and proteins (4 calories per gram each). Vitamins do not provide energy.
Q35. Which vitamin is important for healthy skin and mucous membranes?
Vitamin A is important for healthy skin and mucous membranes, as well as good eyesight. Vitamin B1 is for nerves, Vitamin C for immunity, and Vitamin D for bones.
Q36. What is the sweetest natural sugar?
Fructose is the sweetest natural sugar, found in fruits. Glucose is less sweet, lactose is milk sugar, and sucrose is table sugar.
Q37. Which mineral helps in maintaining the fluid balance in our body and is found in salt?
Sodium helps maintain fluid balance in the body and is found in table salt (sodium chloride). Potassium also helps with fluid balance, but sodium is the primary mineral in salt. Calcium is for bones, and iron is for blood.
Q38. Which of these is a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning it dissolves in water and is not stored in the body. Vitamins A, D, and E are fat-soluble vitamins, which are stored in fat tissues.
Q39. Which nutrient gives us the feeling of fullness for a longer time?
Fats take longer to digest, giving a feeling of fullness for a longer time. Simple carbohydrates are digested quickly and do not keep you full for long. Vitamins and minerals do not provide satiety.
Q40. What is the main sugar found in milk?
Lactose is the main sugar found in milk and dairy products. Maltose is found in grains, sucrose is table sugar, and glucose is a simple sugar found in many foods.
Q41. Which of these vitamins is fat-soluble?
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, while vitamins B and C are water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body’s fat tissues.
Q42. Which disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?
Beriberi is caused by Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency. It affects the nervous system and heart. Scurvy is Vitamin C deficiency, Rickets is Vitamin D deficiency, and Goitre is iodine deficiency.
Q43. What is the primary source of energy for our brain?
Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the primary energy source for the brain. The brain relies almost entirely on glucose for its energy needs. Proteins, fats, and vitamins do not directly provide energy to the brain.
Q44. Which of these is a function of minerals in our body?
Minerals like calcium and phosphorus form bones and teeth. They also help in other functions like muscle contraction and fluid balance. They do not provide energy, build cell membranes (fats do), or fight viruses directly (vitamins and immune system do).
Q45. Which type of fat is generally considered better for heart health?
Unsaturated fats are considered better for heart health because they help lower bad cholesterol levels. Saturated fats can increase the risk of heart disease. Unsaturated fats are found in plant oils, nuts, and fish.
Q46. What is the main constituent of our muscles, skin, and hair?
Proteins are the main constituents of muscles, skin, and hair. They are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Carbohydrates provide energy, fats store energy, and water is essential for hydration.
Q47. Which of these is a source of both carbohydrates and roughage?
Whole grains like oats are a source of both carbohydrates (for energy) and roughage (dietary fibre) for digestion. Sugar is only carbohydrates, butter is fat, and egg white is protein.
Q48. Which vitamin deficiency causes weak bones and bleeding problems in newborn babies?
Vitamin K deficiency can cause weak bones and bleeding problems, especially in newborn babies. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone health. Vitamin A is for eyes, Vitamin D for bones, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant.
Q49. What are the two main classifications of fats?
Fats are classified into saturated and unsaturated fats based on their chemical structure. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid. Visible/invisible and animal/plant are other ways to describe fats, but saturated/unsaturated is the main chemical classification.
Q50. Which mineral is a part of the hemoglobin in our blood?
Iron is a part of haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Calcium is for bones, iodine for the thyroid, and phosphorus for bones and teeth. Iron deficiency causes anaemia.