Diversity

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Q1. What is meant by diversity in the living world?
Diversity in the living world refers to the variety of different kinds of living organisms found on Earth. This includes plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is not limited to animals on land, green plants, or humans only.

Q2. What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity means the variety of life on Earth, including all living organisms—plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms—and the ecosystems they form. It is not limited to any one group like forest animals or aquatic plants.

Q3. What is a habitat?
A habitat is the natural environment where a plant or animal lives. It provides food, water, shelter, and other conditions needed for survival. It is not a place for machines, a type of plant, or a kind of animal.

Q4. Which of the following is a terrestrial habitat?
A terrestrial habitat is one on land. Forests, deserts, and grasslands are terrestrial habitats. Ponds, seas, and rivers are aquatic habitats because they contain water.

Q5. Which animals live in water?
Aquatic animals are those that live in water, such as fish, whales, and octopuses. Terrestrial animals live on land, aerial animals fly in the air, and desert animals live in deserts.

Q6. What are amphibians?
Amphibians are animals that can live both on land and in water. Frogs, toads, and salamanders are examples of amphibians. They spend part of their life in water and part on land. They are not only land animals, only water animals, or flying animals.

Q7. Which plant has parallel venation?
Wheat has parallel venation, where the veins in the leaf run parallel to each other. Pea, mustard, and bean have reticulate venation (net-like pattern). Parallel venation is common in monocot plants like wheat, rice, and grass.

Q8. What is venation?
Venation refers to the arrangement of veins (vascular bundles) in a leaf. It can be parallel or reticulate. It is not about flowers, roots, or seeds.

Q9. What is reticulate venation?
Reticulate venation is when the veins in a leaf form a net-like pattern. This is found in dicot plants like mango, pea, and mustard. Parallel venation has veins running alongside each other.

Q10. Which plant shows reticulate venation?
Mango has reticulate venation, where veins form a net-like pattern. Grass, wheat, and rice have parallel venation. Reticulate venation is typical of dicot plants like mango and pea.

Q11. What is a monocot plant?
Monocot plants have only one cotyledon (seed leaf) in their seeds. Examples include wheat, rice, and grass. Plants with two cotyledons are dicots. Monocots are not without seeds or roots.

Q12. What is a dicot plant?
Dicot plants have two cotyledons in their seeds. Examples include mango, pea, and mustard. Monocots have one cotyledon. Dicots are not without flowers or leaves.

Q13. Which plant is a dicot?
Pea is a dicot plant because it has two cotyledons and reticulate venation. Wheat, rice, and grass are monocots. Dicots also typically have taproots and reticulate venation.

Q14. What is a taproot?
A taproot system has one main root that grows deep into the soil, with smaller branches coming off it. Examples include mustard, carrot, and mango. Fibrous roots have a cluster of thin roots.

Q15. Which plant has a taproot system?
Mustard has a taproot system. Wheat, rice, and grass have fibrous root systems. Taproots are typically found in dicot plants, while fibrous roots are found in monocots.

Q16. What is a fibrous root?
A fibrous root system consists of a group of thin, branching roots that spread out from the base of the stem. Examples include wheat, rice, and grass. Taproots are a single main root.

Q17. Which plant has fibrous roots?
Wheat has a fibrous root system. Pea, mustard, and mango have taproots. Fibrous roots are typical of monocot plants like wheat, rice, and grass.

Q18. What are herbs?
Herbs are small plants with soft, green, and non-woody stems. They are usually short-lived and have little or no branching. Examples include mint, wheat, and grass. Trees are tall woody plants, and shrubs are medium-sized woody plants.

Q19. Which is an example of a herb?
Mint is a herb because it is a small plant with a soft, green stem. Neem and mango are trees (tall woody plants), and rose is a shrub (medium-sized woody plant).

Q20. What are shrubs?
Shrubs are medium-sized woody plants with multiple stems branching from the base. They are smaller than trees but larger than herbs. Examples include rose, hibiscus, and tulsi.

Q21. Which is a shrub?
Rose is a shrub because it has a woody stem and is medium-sized. Grass, wheat, and mint are herbs (soft stems). Shrubs are woody but not as tall as trees.

Q22. What is adaptation?
Adaptation refers to the special features or behaviours that help living organisms survive in their habitat. These features develop over time to help plants and animals cope with their environment. It is not about movement, root growth, or photosynthesis.

Q23. Why do fish have gills?
Fish have gills to breathe underwater. Gills extract dissolved oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide. They are not for walking, flying, or eating plants. Gills are the respiratory organs of fish.

Q24. Which adaptation helps birds to fly?
Wings are the adaptation that helps birds to fly. They are modified forelimbs with feathers that provide lift and propulsion. Gills are for fish, roots are for plants, and fins help fish swim.

Q25. What kind of habitat is a pond?
A pond is an aquatic habitat because it contains water and supports aquatic life like fish, frogs, and water plants. Terrestrial habitats are on land, deserts are dry, and mountains are highland areas.

Q26. Which plant lives in water?
Lotus is an aquatic plant that lives in water. Cactus lives in deserts, Neem is a tree on land, and Rose is a shrub on land. Lotus has adaptations like air spaces to float in water.

Q27. Which animal is amphibian?
Frog is an amphibian because it can live both on land and in water. Fish lives only in water, snake is a reptile on land, and cow is a terrestrial mammal. Amphibians have adaptations for both habitats.

Q28. What helps roots absorb water?
Root hairs are tiny hair-like extensions on roots that increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals from the soil. Flowers are for reproduction, leaves are for making food, and seeds are for growing new plants.

Q29. Why are roots important?
Roots anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and minerals from the soil. Leaves make food, stems transport food and water, and flowers are for reproduction. Anchoring and absorption are the main functions of roots.

Q30. Which venation is found in banana leaf?
Banana leaves have parallel venation, where veins run parallel to each other. Reticulate venation (net-like) is found in dicots like mango and pea. Parallel venation is common in monocots like banana, wheat, and grass.

Q31. Which root system is found in grass?
Grass has a fibrous root system, which consists of many thin roots spreading from the base of the stem. Taproots have one main root. Fibrous roots are common in monocot plants like wheat, rice, and grass.

Q32. What do leaves mainly do?
Leaves mainly make food for the plant through photosynthesis. They use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Roots absorb water, stems anchor and transport, and flowers produce seeds.

Q33. Which part of plant makes food?
Leaves are the main food-making parts of a plant through photosynthesis. Roots absorb water, stems transport food and water, and flowers are for reproduction. Leaves contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight.

Q34. What kind of plants are wheat and rice?
Wheat and rice are monocot plants. They have one cotyledon, parallel venation, and fibrous roots. Dicots have two cotyledons, reticulate venation, and taproots. Wheat and rice are not shrubs or trees.

Q35. What helps aquatic plants float?
Aquatic plants have air spaces (aerenchyma) in their stems and leaves that help them float in water. Hard stems, deep roots, and woody trunks are adaptations for land plants, not aquatic ones.

Q36. Which is a land habitat animal?
Camel is a land habitat (terrestrial) animal found in deserts. Fish, whales, and octopuses are aquatic animals that live in water. Camels have adaptations like humps for storing fat and long eyelashes for sandstorms.

Q37. Why do camels have long legs?
Camels have long legs to keep their bodies away from the hot sand in deserts. This adaptation helps them survive in extreme heat. They do not use their legs for swimming, flying, or climbing trees.

Q38. What type of venation is in pea leaf?
Pea leaves have reticulate venation, where veins form a net-like pattern. Parallel venation is found in monocots like wheat and grass. Reticulate venation is typical of dicot plants like pea, mango, and mustard.

Q39. Which plants are called trees?
Trees are tall woody plants with a single main trunk. They are the largest plants and have a hard, woody stem. Herbs are small and soft, shrubs are medium-sized woody plants, and plants without stems are not trees.

Q40. Which is an example of a tree?
Mango is a tree because it is tall and has a woody stem (trunk). Mint is a herb, Rose is a shrub, and Wheat is a herb. Trees are the tallest and most woody plants.

Q41. What is the function of stem?
The stem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and carries food from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It also provides support. Roots anchor the plant, and leaves make food.

Q42. Which root system gives strong support?
Taproot gives strong support to the plant because it grows deep into the soil. Fibrous roots spread out and are good for absorbing water from the surface, but taproots provide better anchorage. Examples include mustard and mango.

Q43. Which plants grow in deserts?
Xerophytes are plants that grow in deserts and dry areas. They have adaptations to conserve water, such as spines and thick stems. Hydrophytes grow in water, mesophytes grow in moderate conditions, and aquatic plants grow in water.

Q44. Why do desert plants have spines?
Desert plants like cacti have spines instead of leaves to reduce water loss through transpiration. The spines also protect the plant from animals. They are not for making food, absorbing water, or attracting animals.

Q45. Which habitat has very little water?
Deserts have very little water and are extremely dry. Forest, pond, and river habitats have plenty of water. Desert plants and animals are adapted to survive with very little water.

Q46. Which feature helps frogs swim?
Frogs have webbed feet that help them swim in water. Wings are for flying, sharp claws are for climbing or catching prey, and fur is for warmth. Webbed feet provide more surface area to push against water.

Q47. Which animals breathe through skin?
Frogs can breathe through their moist skin in addition to their lungs. This is called cutaneous respiration. Birds and cows breathe through lungs, and fish breathe through gills. Frogs are amphibians and have this unique adaptation.

Q48. Which plants have fibrous roots and parallel venation?
Monocot plants have fibrous roots and parallel venation. Examples include wheat, rice, and grass. Dicots have taproots and reticulate venation. Shrubs and trees can be either monocots or dicots, but these features are characteristic of monocots.

Q49. Why is biodiversity important?
Biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of nature. It ensures the stability of ecosystems, provides resources like food and medicine, and supports life on Earth. It is not for decoration, pollution, or noise.

Q50. Which of the following is living?
A plant is a living organism because it grows, reproduces, and responds to its environment. Stone, water, and air are non-living things. Living organisms have life processes like respiration, growth, and reproduction.