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Q1. Which of these is an energy-giving nutrient?
Carbohydrates are the main energy-giving nutrients in our food. They provide energy for all our daily activities. Proteins are body-building, and vitamins and minerals are protective nutrients.
Q2. Which nutrient is essential for the growth and repair of our body tissues?
Proteins are called body-building nutrients because they are essential for the growth, development, and repair of body tissues like muscles, skin, and organs. Carbohydrates and fats provide energy, while water helps in digestion.
Q3. Which nutrient helps to keep our skin healthy and our eyesight good?
Vitamin A is essential for good eyesight, healthy skin, and proper growth. It also helps fight infections. Calcium is for bones, iron for blood, and carbohydrates provide energy.
Q4. What is the main function of fats in our diet?
Fats provide more energy than carbohydrates. They also help absorb fat-soluble vitamins and keep our body warm. Proteins build muscles, vitamins fight infections, and water aids digestion.
Q5. Which of these is a good source of protein?
Lentils (dal) are a rich source of protein, especially for vegetarians. Oranges are rich in Vitamin C, butter is a fat, and potato is a carbohydrate. Pulses, eggs, meat, and milk are good protein sources.
Q6. Which component of food is mainly known as roughage or dietary fibre?
Roughage or dietary fibre is mainly cellulose, which is the indigestible part of plant food. It helps in the movement of food through the digestive system and prevents constipation. Protein, starch, and fat are digestible components.
Q7. What is the main role of roughage in our body?
Roughage adds bulk to food and helps in easy bowel movement. It prevents constipation and keeps the digestive system healthy. It does not provide energy or build cells, and vitamins fight diseases.
Q8. Which nutrient is needed for making blood in our body?
Iron is essential for making haemoglobin, the red pigment in blood that carries oxygen. A deficiency of iron causes anaemia. Calcium is for bones, iodine for the thyroid gland, and phosphorus for bones and teeth.
Q9. Which vitamin is made by our body when we are in sunlight?
Our body produces Vitamin D when our skin is exposed to sunlight. It helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus for strong bones and teeth. It is often called the “sunshine vitamin.”
Q10. Which mineral is essential for making our bones and teeth strong?
Calcium is the main mineral needed for strong bones and teeth. It also helps in muscle contraction and blood clotting. Iron is for blood, iodine for the thyroid, and sodium for fluid balance.
Q11. A disease caused by the lack of Vitamin C is called?
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C. Its symptoms include bleeding gums, slow healing of wounds, and weakness. Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency, Beri-Beri by Vitamin B1 deficiency, and Goitre by iodine deficiency.
Q12. Which deficiency disease causes weak and soft bones in children?
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D in children. It leads to soft, weak, and bowed bones. Scurvy is Vitamin C deficiency, Anaemia is iron deficiency, and Night Blindness is Vitamin A deficiency.
Q13. Poor vision in dim light or night blindness is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
Night blindness is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A. It leads to poor vision in dim light. Vitamin A is also important for healthy skin and fighting infections.
Q14. Swelling of the neck, known as goitre, is caused by a deficiency of which mineral?
Goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Iron deficiency causes anaemia, calcium is for bones, and phosphorus is also for bones.
Q15. A disease called beri-beri, which causes weakness, is due to the lack of which vitamin?
Beri-Beri is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). It causes weakness, nerve damage, and heart problems. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, Vitamin C causes scurvy, and Vitamin D causes rickets.
Q16. What is the condition called when a person has a deficiency of iron in the body?
Anaemia is caused by iron deficiency. It leads to tiredness, weakness, and pale skin because of low haemoglobin in the blood. Goitre is iodine deficiency, Scurvy is Vitamin C deficiency, and Rickets is Vitamin D deficiency.
Q17. Bleeding gums and slow healing of wounds are symptoms of a deficiency of which nutrient?
Bleeding gums, slow healing of wounds, and weakness are symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy). Vitamin K is for blood clotting, proteins are for growth, and calcium is for bones.
Q18. What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet contains all the essential nutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and roughage—in the correct amounts. It is not limited to one type of food or based on cost.
Q19. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a balanced diet?
A balanced diet does NOT contain excess fats and sugars. It provides adequate energy, includes a variety of foods, and contains protective foods like fruits and vegetables. Excess fats and sugars lead to health problems.
Q20. Why is water an essential part of a balanced diet?
Water is essential because it helps in digestion, absorption of nutrients, and removal of waste products through urine and sweat. It does not provide energy, build muscles, or cure diseases.
Q21. Which of these food groups is primarily energy-giving?
Fats and oils are energy-giving foods, providing more energy than carbohydrates. Milk and curd are body-building (protein), meat and fish are also protein-rich, and leafy vegetables are protective foods.
Q22. An example of an energy-giving food is?
Sugar is a carbohydrate and provides quick energy. Egg is a protein (body-building), spinach is a protective food (vitamins/minerals), and orange is rich in Vitamin C.
Q23. Which of these meals is the best example of a body-building food?
Milk is rich in protein and calcium, making it a body-building food. Rice and sugar are energy-giving, and fruit salad is protective (vitamins and minerals). Proteins are needed for growth and repair.
Q24. Why are proteins called ‘body-building foods’?
Proteins are called body-building foods because they are essential for the growth, development, and repair of body tissues. Carbohydrates give energy, vitamins fight infections, and water aids digestion.
Q25. Which nutrients are known as protective nutrients?
Vitamins and minerals are called protective nutrients because they protect the body from diseases and keep our immune system strong. Carbohydrates and fats are energy-giving, proteins are body-building.
Q26. Which vitamin protects us from diseases by helping our immune system?
Vitamin C helps strengthen the immune system and protects us from infections. Vitamin A is for eyesight, Vitamin D is for bones, and Vitamin K is for blood clotting.
Q27. What is the process of washing rice and pulses with water before cooking called?
Washing and soaking rice and pulses before cooking removes dust and impurities. However, washing too much can wash away water-soluble vitamins like Vitamin B and C. Soaking helps soften grains.
Q28. Which cooking method helps to retain the most nutrients in vegetables?
Steaming is the best method to retain nutrients in vegetables because it uses less water and heat, which preserves vitamins. Deep frying and boiling destroy nutrients, and burning is not a cooking method for vegetables.
Q29. Why should we avoid overcooking vegetables?
Overcooking vegetables destroys heat-sensitive vitamins like Vitamin C and B vitamins. It also reduces the nutritional value. Vegetables should be cooked just enough to retain their nutrients.
Q30. What is sprouting?
Sprouting is the process of soaking seeds (like moong, gram) until they germinate and small shoots appear. Sprouting increases the nutritional value of the seeds, especially Vitamin C and B vitamins.
Q31. Why is it advised to cook food in just enough water?
Cooking food in just enough water prevents water-soluble vitamins and minerals from dissolving into the water and being lost. Using excess water and then throwing it away wastes nutrients.
Q32. Which of these is a healthy cooking practice?
Cooking in an iron kadhai adds iron to the food, which is beneficial. Reusing oil many times is unhealthy, excess salt is harmful, and deep peeling removes nutrients.
Q33. Which of these food items is a good source of both carbohydrates and roughage?
Whole wheat bread contains carbohydrates for energy and roughage (dietary fibre) for digestion. Chicken is a protein, butter is a fat, and cheese is a protein and fat.
Q34. A person feeling tired and weak may be lacking which nutrient in their diet?
Carbohydrates are the main energy-giving nutrients. A lack of carbohydrates leads to tiredness and weakness because the body does not get enough energy. Proteins, fats, and water have other functions.
Q35. What percentage of our body weight is approximately made up of water?
About 60% of our body weight is water. It is essential for all life processes, including digestion, circulation, and removal of waste. The exact percentage varies with age and gender.
Q36. Which of these is a function of water in our body?
Water helps regulate body temperature through sweating. It also helps in digestion and removal of waste. Energy is stored as fat, muscles are built by protein, and bones get strength from calcium.
Q37. What are nutrients?
Nutrients are the components of food that provide energy, help in growth and repair, and protect the body from diseases. They include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
Q38. Which vitamin is important for the clotting of blood when we get a cut?
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. When we get a cut, Vitamin K helps the blood to clot and stop bleeding. Vitamin A is for eyesight, Vitamin B is for energy, and Vitamin C is for immunity.
Q39. Which of these is NOT a source of fat?
Sugar is a carbohydrate, not a fat. Mustard oil, ghee, and nuts are all rich sources of fats. Fats provide more energy than carbohydrates and help absorb fat-soluble vitamins.
Q40. Which nutrient does NOT provide energy to the body?
Vitamins do not provide energy; they are protective nutrients that help the body function properly and fight diseases. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins all provide energy to the body.
Q41. Dry, scaly skin and poor growth in children can be a sign of deficiency of?
Deficiency of proteins and fats can cause dry, scaly skin and poor growth in children. Proteins are needed for growth, and fats are needed for healthy skin. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, and water deficiency causes dehydration.
Q42. Which vitamin deficiency is common in people who eat only polished rice?
Polished rice lacks the outer layer (bran) which contains Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). People who eat only polished rice can develop Beri-Beri, a disease caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency. Vitamin A is from carrots, Vitamin C from fruits, and Vitamin D from sunlight.
Q43. A child with bowed legs may be suffering from?
Bowed legs in children is a symptom of rickets, caused by Vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption, and its deficiency leads to soft, weak bones. Scurvy is Vitamin C deficiency, Anaemia is iron deficiency, and Goitre is iodine deficiency.
Q44. Which meal plan is the most balanced for lunch?
This meal contains carbohydrates (chapati), proteins (dal and curd), vitamins and minerals (vegetable curry), and fats (oil/ghee used in cooking). It is a balanced meal. Chips, pastries, and only fruits are not balanced.
Q45. What does the term ‘culinary practices’ refer to?
Culinary practices refer to the methods and techniques used in cooking food. This includes how we wash, cut, cook, and prepare food, which affects its nutritional value and taste.
Q46. Bananas are a good source of which mineral?
Bananas are rich in potassium, which is important for muscle function and maintaining fluid balance. Iron is found in leafy greens, calcium in milk, and iodine in iodised salt and sea fish.
Q47. Which food item is a rich source of Vitamin A?
Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A is important for eyesight and skin health. Lemon is rich in Vitamin C, rice is a carbohydrate, and egg white is a protein.
Q48. Citrus fruits like oranges are famous for containing which vitamin?
Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and grapefruits are rich sources of Vitamin C. Vitamin C helps in healing wounds, fighting infections, and keeping gums healthy.
Q49. For strong bones and teeth, we should eat foods rich in calcium and?
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth. Without Vitamin D, calcium cannot be properly used by the body. Vitamin A is for eyesight, Vitamin C for immunity, and Vitamin K for blood clotting.
Q50. Sea fish and iodised salt are good sources of which mineral?
Sea fish and iodised salt are rich sources of iodine. Iodine is essential for the thyroid gland to produce hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. Iron is for blood, calcium for bones, and phosphorus also for bones.
Q51. Eating only chips and burgers can give us a balanced diet.
Eating only chips and burgers does not give us a balanced diet because they are high in fat and sugar but lack essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and roughage. A balanced diet requires a variety of foods from all food groups.
Q52. Drinking 8-10 glasses of water a day is good for health.
Drinking 8-10 glasses of water a day is good for health because water helps in digestion, absorption of nutrients, removal of waste, and regulation of body temperature. It is essential for overall health.
Q53. Proteins are only found in non-vegetarian food like meat.
Proteins are found in both vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods. Vegetarian sources include lentils (dal), beans, nuts, milk, and curd. Non-vegetarian sources include meat, fish, and eggs. So proteins are not only found in non-vegetarian food.
Q54. All fats are bad for our health.
Not all fats are bad for health. Fats are essential for providing energy, absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, and keeping the body warm. However, excessive consumption of saturated and trans fats is harmful, while unsaturated fats (like those in nuts and fish) are beneficial.
Q55. Roughage has no nutritional value, so it is not needed.
Roughage has no nutritional value in terms of energy or building blocks, but it is still needed for proper digestion. It adds bulk to food, prevents constipation, and keeps the digestive system healthy. So roughage is important even though it is not digested.
Q56. Rohan feels very tired after playing. Which nutrient should he eat to get quick energy?
Glucose biscuit or banana contains carbohydrates (sugar) that provide quick energy. Chicken is a protein (slow energy), water does not provide energy, and nuts are fats (provide energy but not as quickly as carbohydrates).
Q57. Priya has bleeding gums. Which fruit should her doctor advise her to eat more?
Bleeding gums is a symptom of Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy). Oranges are rich in Vitamin C. Apple, banana, and grapes have lower Vitamin C content compared to oranges.
Q58. A cook is making sprouted salad. What has he done to the pulses?
Sprouting means soaking pulses (like moong, chana) until they germinate and small shoots appear. This increases their nutritional value, especially Vitamin C and B vitamins. Frying, boiling, and mixing with spices are different processes.
Q59. What is the main problem with eating only ‘junk food’?
Junk food is high in fats, sugars, and salt but lacks essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and roughage. Eating only junk food leads to nutritional deficiencies and health problems. It is not about taste, cost, or temperature.
Q60. Why is it important to include fresh fruits and vegetables in our daily diet?
Fresh fruits and vegetables are protective foods because they are rich in vitamins and minerals that help protect the body from diseases and keep the immune system strong. They are not primarily energy-giving or high in fat. While some may be affordable, the main reason is their protective function.