1. The basic unit of the kidney is
(A) Alveolus
(B) Nephron
(C) Villus
(D) Alveoli
ANSWER: Nephron
✔ Why Nephron is correct:
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It filters blood, forms urine, and maintains water and salt balance.
✘ Why others are wrong:
(A) Alveolus – Found in lungs, used for gas exchange.
(C) Villus – Found in small intestine, used for absorption of digested food.
(D) Alveoli – Plural of alveolus; not part of kidney.
2. Function of nephron is to
(A) Pump blood
(B) Filter blood
(C) Digest food
(D) Transport oxygen
ANSWER: Filter blood
✔ Nephrons filter metabolic waste from the blood to form urine.
✘ (A) Pump blood – Done by the heart.
✘ (C) Digest food – Done in digestive system.
✘ (D) Transport oxygen – Done by RBCs, not nephrons.
3. Waste is removed from blood in kidneys by
(A) Respiration
(B) Absorption
(C) Filtration
(D) Circulation
ANSWER: Filtration
✔ Kidney tubules filter blood to remove urea and salts.
✘ Respiration – Gas exchange.
✘ Absorption – Happens in intestine, not kidney.
✘ Circulation – Blood flow, not waste removal.
4. Amount of urine formed depends on
(A) Blood group
(B) Body needs
(C) Weather only
(D) Age only
ANSWER: Body needs
✔ Kidneys adjust urine output based on water balance and body requirements.
✘ Blood group – No relation to urine amount.
✘ Weather only – Weather affects but not the main factor.
✘ Age only – Also not the major factor.
5. Excess water in the body is removed by
(A) Lungs
(B) Heart
(C) Kidneys
(D) Liver
ANSWER: Kidneys
✔ Kidneys regulate water balance and remove excess.
✘ Lungs – Remove CO₂, not water.
✘ Heart – Pumps blood, not remove waste.
✘ Liver – Detoxifies chemicals, not water removal.
6. Process of removing waste is called
(A) Respiration
(B) Nutrition
(C) Transport
(D) Excretion
ANSWER: Excretion
✔ Excretion = removal of waste products.
✘ Respiration – Energy release.
✘ Nutrition – Food intake.
✘ Transport – Movement of substances.
7. Unused substances are excreted mainly by
(A) Lungs
(B) Kidneys
(C) Veins
(D) Arteries
ANSWER: Kidneys
✔ Kidneys remove nitrogenous waste.
✘ Lungs – Remove CO₂ only.
✘ Veins – Carry blood, not remove waste.
✘ Arteries – Carry oxygenated blood.
8. Plants store waste products in
(A) Nucleus
(B) Cell wall
(C) Vacuole
(D) Cytoplasm
ANSWER: Vacuole
✔ Vacuoles store harmful wastes in plants.
✘ Nucleus – Controls cell activities.
✘ Cell wall – Provides support.
✘ Cytoplasm – Not for waste storage.
9. Gums and resins are excreted by
(A) Roots
(B) Leaves
(C) Old xylem
(D) Phloem
ANSWER: Old xylem
✔ Gums/resins accumulate in old or dead xylem.
✘ Roots – Absorb water, not store such waste.
✘ Leaves – Not for storage of gums.
✘ Phloem – Transports food.
10. Plants remove wastes by
(A) Dialysis
(B) Sweating
(C) Falling leaves
(D) Blinking
ANSWER: Falling leaves
✔ Waste stored in leaves is removed when leaves fall.
✘ Dialysis – Artificial kidney process (humans).
✘ Sweating – Humans only.
✘ Blinking – Eyes only.
11. Living things show movement which includes
(A) Only visible movement
(B) Internal movement also
(C) Only motion
(D) Only growth
ANSWER: Internal movement also
✔ Movement includes circulation, transport, etc.
✘ Only visible movement – Not true.
✘ Only motion – Too limited.
✘ Only growth – Growth is not the only movement.
12. Life processes include all EXCEPT
(A) Respiration
(B) Excretion
(C) Circulation
(D) Germination only
ANSWER: Germination only
✔ Germination is not a universal life process (only in plants).
✘ Respiration, excretion, circulation are universal processes.
13. Main life processes are necessary for
(A) Growth
(B) Repair
(C) Survival
(D) Sleeping
ANSWER: Survival
✔ Without life processes, organisms cannot survive.
✘ Growth and repair occur after survival.
✘ Sleeping is not a life process.
14. Entry of food into body is called
(A) Respiration
(B) Nutrition
(C) Circulation
(D) Excretion
ANSWER: Nutrition
✔ Nutrition = intake + utilization of food.
✘ Respiration – Breakdown of food.
✘ Circulation – Transport of substances.
✘ Excretion – Waste removal.
15. Respiration in organisms means
(A) Breathing only
(B) Energy generation
(C) Oxygen storage
(D) Digestion
ANSWER: Energy generation
✔ Respiration = releasing energy from food.
✘ Breathing – Only part of respiration.
✘ Storing oxygen – Not correct.
✘ Digestion – Different process.
16. Energy released during respiration is stored as
(A) DNA
(B) ATP
(C) RNA
(D) Enzyme
ANSWER: ATP
✔ ATP = energy currency of cells.
✘ DNA/RNA – Genetic material.
✘ Enzyme – Proteins, not energy storage.
17. ATP is produced during
(A) Destruction
(B) Respiration
(C) Digestion
(D) Growth
ANSWER: Respiration
✔ ATP is produced when glucose is oxidized.
✘ Destruction – No such process.
✘ Digestion – Only breaks food; does not produce ATP.
✘ Growth – Uses ATP, doesn’t produce it.
18. ATP provides energy for
(A) Only muscles
(B) Only digestion
(C) All cell activities
(D) Breathing only
ANSWER: All cell activities
✔ ATP powers every cellular function.
✘ Only muscles – Too limited.
✘ Only digestion – Wrong.
✘ Only breathing – Wrong.
19. Respiration may be
(A) Chemical only
(B) Aerobic only
(C) Anaerobic only
(D) Aerobic or anaerobic
ANSWER: Aerobic or anaerobic
✔ Respiration can occur with oxygen or without it.
✘ Chemical only – Not correct.
✘ Aerobic only – Not always.
✘ Anaerobic only – Not always.
20. Aerobic respiration produces
(A) More energy
(B) No energy
(C) Heat only
(D) Waste only
ANSWER: More energy
✔ Oxygen produces maximum ATP.
✘ No energy – Wrong.
✘ Heat only – Heat is a byproduct.
✘ Waste only – No.
21. Anaerobic respiration occurs
(A) Without oxygen
(B) With oxygen
(C) Only in plants
(D) Only in water
ANSWER: Without oxygen
✔ Anaerobic = no oxygen.
✘ With oxygen – Aerobic respiration.
✘ Only in plants – Wrong.
✘ Only in water – Wrong.
22. Autotrophs prepare food using
(A) Animals
(B) Sunlight
(C) Oxygen
(D) Protein
ANSWER: Sunlight
✔ Sunlight provides energy for photosynthesis.
✘ Animals/protein/oxygen – Cannot make food.
23. Autotrophic nutrition involves
(A) Inorganic substances
(B) Meat
(C) Blood
(D) Milk
ANSWER: Inorganic substances
✔ Plants use CO₂, water, minerals.
✘ Meat, blood, milk – Heterotrophic food.
24. Green plants are
(A) Heterotrophs
(B) Saprophytes
(C) Autotrophs
(D) Parasites
ANSWER: Autotrophs
✔ They make their own food.
✘ Others depend on external food.
25. Heterotrophs depend on
(A) Water
(B) Autotrophs
(C) Soil
(D) Oxygen
ANSWER: Autotrophs
✔ They depend on plants for food.
✘ Water/soil/oxygen – Needed but not for food.
26. Animals and fungi are
(A) Autotrophs
(B) Heterotrophs
(C) Producers
(D) Decomposers only
ANSWER: Heterotrophs
✔ Both depend on others for food.
✘ Animals are not producers or decomposers.
27. Digested food is absorbed in
(A) Stomach
(B) Colon
(C) Small intestine
(D) Liver
ANSWER: Small intestine
✔ Villi absorb nutrients.
✘ Stomach – Digests only.
✘ Colon – Absorbs water.
✘ Liver – Processes nutrients.
28. Digested food reaches cells through
(A) Blood
(B) Nerves
(C) Lymph only
(D) Air
ANSWER: Blood
✔ Blood transports nutrients to cells.
✘ Nerves – Carry impulses.
✘ Lymph only – Helps but not main.
✘ Air – Not for nutrient transport.
29. Transport system includes
(A) Brain only
(B) Heart and blood
(C) Lungs only
(D) Kidneys only
ANSWER: Heart and blood
✔ Heart pumps blood → transport system.
✘ Others are not the complete system.
30. Main organ of circulation is
(A) Brain
(B) Liver
(C) Heart
(D) Kidney
ANSWER: Heart
✔ Heart pumps blood throughout body.
✘ Brain, liver, kidney – Other roles.
31. Blood carries
(A) Food only
(B) Oxygen only
(C) Waste only
(D) All of these
ANSWER: All of these
✔ Blood carries food, gases, and wastes.
✘ Other options are incomplete.
32. Vascular tissue in plants includes
(A) Cortex and pith
(B) Xylem and phloem
(C) Cambium and epidermis
(D) Leaves and roots
ANSWER: Xylem and phloem
✔ Xylem + phloem = transport tissues.
✘ Others are not vascular tissues.
33. Xylem transports
(A) Food
(B) Sugars
(C) Water and minerals
(D) Gases
ANSWER: Water and minerals
✔ Xylem = upward movement of water.
✘ Food/sugars – Phloem transports.
✘ Gases – Not true.
34. Phloem transports
(A) Oxygen
(B) Sugar
(C) Water
(D) Nitrogen
ANSWER: Sugar
✔ Phloem transports prepared food.
✘ Oxygen/water/nitrogen – Not true.
35. Transport in plants is slow because
(A) Small size
(B) Dead cells
(C) Less energy demand
(D) Weak tissues
ANSWER: Less energy demand
✔ Plants have low energy needs → slow transport.
✘ Small size – Trees are large too.
✘ Dead cells – Only xylem vessels are dead.
✘ Weak tissues – Not true.
36. Nephrons remove
(A) CO₂
(B) Oxygen
(C) Nitrogen waste
(D) Glucose
ANSWER: Nitrogen waste
✔ Nephrons remove urea & nitrogenous waste.
✘ CO₂/Oxygen – Handled by lungs.
✘ Glucose – Normally not removed.
37. Urea is removed by
(A) Lungs
(B) Kidneys
(C) Heart
(D) Stomach
ANSWER: Kidneys
✔ Kidneys filter out urea.
✘ Lungs – Remove CO₂.
✘ Heart – Pumps blood.
✘ Stomach – Digestion.
38. Plants excrete waste by
(A) Urine
(B) Dialysis
(C) Storage in tissues
(D) Sweating
ANSWER: Storage in tissues
✔ Plants store waste in vacuoles or tissues.
✘ Urine – Animals only.
✘ Dialysis – Artificial.
✘ Sweating – Humans only.
39. Waste in plants may be removed by
(A) Leaf fall
(B) Digestion
(C) Circulation
(D) Respiration
ANSWER: Leaf fall
✔ Stored waste is removed when leaves fall.
✘ Others are unrelated.
40. Oxygen is a waste of
(A) Respiration
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Digestion
(D) Circulation
ANSWER: Photosynthesis
✔ Plants release oxygen as a by-product.
✘ Respiration – Uses oxygen, doesn’t produce.
✘ Digestion, circulation – No.
41. Movement is sign of
(A) Death
(B) Life
(C) Growth only
(D) Repair only
ANSWER: Life
✔ All living organisms show movement.
✘ Death – Opposite.
✘ Growth/repair only – Too limited.
42. Life processes maintain
(A) Order in body
(B) Clothes
(C) Hair
(D) Environment
ANSWER: Order in body
✔ Life processes keep internal conditions stable.
✘ Others are unrelated.
43. Complex food digested into
(A) Larger units
(B) Waste
(C) Simple molecules
(D) Water only
ANSWER: Simple molecules
✔ Digestion breaks large molecules → small ones.
✘ Larger units – Opposite.
✘ Waste – Not main product.
✘ Water – Only a by-product.
44. Glucose provides energy by
(A) Respiration
(B) Nutrition
(C) Transport
(D) Growth
ANSWER: Respiration
✔ Glucose is oxidized during respiration to release energy.
✘ Nutrition – Food intake.
✘ Transport – Movement of substances.
✘ Growth – Uses energy, doesn’t produce.
45. ATP stands for
(A) Adenosine Triphosphate
(B) Acid Transfer Protein
(C) Active Transport Path
(D) Adenine Transport Pump
ANSWER: Adenosine Triphosphate
✔ Full correct form.
✘ Other options are incorrect expansions.
46. More energy is released in
(A) Anaerobic respiration
(B) Aerobic respiration
(C) Digestion
(D) Transport
ANSWER: Aerobic respiration
✔ Oxygen allows complete breakdown of glucose → maximum ATP.
✘ Anaerobic – Less energy.
✘ Digestion/transport – Not energy-releasing processes.
47. Kidney mainly removes
(A) Sugar
(B) Oxygen
(C) Urea
(D) Protein
ANSWER: Urea
✔ Urea is the main nitrogenous waste.
✘ Sugar/protein – Should not be removed in urine.
✘ Oxygen – Handled by lungs/blood.
48. Waste storage vacuole is found in
(A) Animals
(B) Plants
(C) Bacteria only
(D) Viruses
ANSWER: Plants
✔ Plant vacuoles store waste.
✘ Animals – No large vacuoles.
✘ Bacteria – No vacuoles.
✘ Viruses – No cells.
49. Nitrogen waste in humans is
(A) CO₂
(B) Urea
(C) Oxygen
(D) Starch
ANSWER: Urea
✔ Urea is formed from breakdown of proteins.
✘ CO₂ – Carbon waste.
✘ Oxygen – Gas, not waste.
✘ Starch – Carbohydrate storage.
50. Main function of life processes is
(A) Decoration
(B) Maintenance
(C) Movement only
(D) Sleeping
ANSWER: Maintenance