Materials Around Us

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Q1. Anything that has mass and occupies space is called:
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space or volume. Everything around us, including our body, water, air, rocks and food, is made of matter. Even the air we breathe is matter because it has mass and takes up space.
Q2. The property of a material that describes how it reflects light is called:
Lustre is the property of a material that describes how it reflects light. Materials like gold, silver and copper have a shiny appearance and are said to be lustrous. Non-lustrous materials like wood and paper do not reflect light and appear dull.
Q3. A material that has a shiny appearance is said to be:
A material that has a shiny appearance is called lustrous. Metals like gold, silver, iron and copper are examples of lustrous materials. This shininess is because they reflect light well from their surfaces.
Q4. Materials that do not have a shiny appearance are called:
Non-lustrous materials do not have a shiny appearance and reflect very little light. Examples include wood, paper, rubber and plastic. These materials look dull because they do not have smooth, reflective surfaces.
Q5. The property of a material that describes how difficult it is to scratch or dent it is called:
Hardness is the property of a material that describes how resistant it is to being scratched, dented or cut. Diamond is the hardest natural material, while materials like chalk and wax are soft. Hardness is an important property for choosing materials for construction and tools.
Q6. The property of a material that describes how easily it can be compressed or bent is called:
Malleability is the property of a material that allows it to be beaten into thin sheets without breaking. Metals like gold, silver and aluminium are highly malleable. This property is useful for making foils and thin metal sheets.
Q7. The amount of matter contained in an object is called its:
Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object. It is a measure of the quantity of material in the object. Mass is measured in kilograms or grams and does not change with location, unlike weight.
Q8. The amount of space an object occupies is called its:
Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance occupies. It is measured in litres, millilitres or cubic centimetres. Every material, whether solid, liquid or gas, has volume.
Q9. The property of a material that allows heat or electricity to pass through it easily is called:
Conductivity is the property of a material that allows heat or electricity to pass through it easily. Metals like copper and aluminium are good conductors of heat and electricity. Materials like wood and plastic are poor conductors and are called insulators.
Q10. Materials that allow heat and electricity to pass through them are called:
Conductors are materials that allow heat and electricity to flow through them easily. Most metals, such as copper, iron and aluminium, are good conductors. Conductors are used in electrical wires and cooking utensils because they transfer heat and electricity effectively.
Q11. Materials that do not allow heat and electricity to pass through them are called:
Insulators are materials that do not allow heat and electricity to pass through them easily. Examples include wood, plastic, rubber and glass. Insulators are used to cover electrical wires and for making handles of cooking utensils to prevent heat transfer.
Q12. The property of a material that allows light to pass through it completely is called:
Transparent materials allow light to pass through them completely so that objects can be seen clearly through them. Glass, clean water and clear plastic are examples of transparent materials. Transparency is useful for making windows, lenses and spectacles.
Q13. The property of a material that does not allow light to pass through it is called:
Opaque materials do not allow any light to pass through them, so objects behind them cannot be seen. Wood, metal, brick and stone are examples of opaque materials. Opaque materials are used for making doors, walls and curtains to block light.
Q14. The property of a material that allows light to pass through it but not clearly is called:
Translucent materials allow light to pass through them but scatter it, so objects behind them cannot be seen clearly. Frosted glass, butter paper and oily paper are examples of translucent materials. They are used in lampshades and bathroom windows for privacy while allowing some light.
Q15. The property of a material that describes how heavy or light it is compared to its volume is called:
Density is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of a material. It is calculated by dividing mass by volume. Denser materials are heavier for the same volume, while less dense materials are lighter.
Q16. A material that dissolves completely in a liquid is called:
A material that dissolves completely in a liquid is called soluble. For example, sugar and salt dissolve in water to form a solution. The substance that dissolves is called the solute, and the liquid in which it dissolves is called the solvent.
Q17. A material that does not dissolve in a liquid is called:
A material that does not dissolve in a liquid is called insoluble. For example, sand and chalk do not dissolve in water. Insoluble materials can be separated from liquids by filtration or sedimentation.
Q18. The ability of a material to burn in the presence of air is called:
Combustibility is the property of a material that allows it to burn in the presence of air or oxygen. Materials like paper, wood, petrol and coal are combustible. Non-combustible materials like glass and stone do not burn.
Q19. Materials that burn easily are called:
Combustible materials are those that can catch fire and burn easily in the presence of air. Examples include wood, paper, cloth and cooking oil. Combustibility is an important property to consider for safety when using materials at home or in industries.
Q20. Materials that do not burn easily are called:
Non-combustible materials are those that do not catch fire or burn easily. Examples include glass, iron, stone and cement. These materials are used to make fire-resistant structures and safety equipment.
Q21. The process of grouping materials based on their properties is called:
Classification is the process of grouping materials based on their similar properties. For example, materials can be grouped as metals, non-metals, solids, liquids, gases, conductors and insulators. Classification helps us understand, compare and use materials more effectively.
Q22. Classification of materials helps us to:
Classification of materials helps us understand their properties easily, use them properly and compare different materials. It makes the study of materials systematic and helps in selecting the right material for a specific purpose. For example, we choose copper for wires because it is a good conductor.
Q23. An advantage of grouping materials is that:
Grouping materials helps us know their properties and uses. For example, grouping materials as conductors and insulators helps us understand their role in electrical and thermal applications. This knowledge helps us make better decisions in daily life and industry.
Q24. The property of a material that describes how much it can be stretched without breaking is called:
Elasticity is the property of a material that allows it to be stretched or bent and then return to its original shape when the force is removed. Rubber and steel springs are elastic materials. This property is important for making bands, springs and shock absorbers.
Q25. The property of a material that allows it to be drawn into thin wires is called:
Ductility is the property of a material that allows it to be stretched and drawn into thin wires. Metals like copper and gold are highly ductile. This property is useful for making electrical wires and jewellery.
Q26. When two liquids mix completely to form a uniform mixture, they are called:
Miscible liquids are those that can mix completely with each other to form a uniform mixture. For example, water and alcohol, or water and vinegar, are miscible. Miscible liquids dissolve in each other and form a single layer.
Q27. When two liquids do not mix with each other, they are called:
Immiscible liquids are those that do not mix with each other and form separate layers when put together. For example, oil and water are immiscible because oil floats on top of water. Immiscible liquids can be separated by decantation or using a separating funnel.
Q28. The appearance of a material includes its:
The appearance of a material includes its colour, lustre (shininess) and transparency (whether it is transparent, translucent or opaque). These properties help us identify materials and decide their use. For example, gold’s yellow colour and lustre make it valuable for jewellery.
Q29. Soft materials can be easily:
Soft materials can be easily scratched, dented or compressed. Examples include chalk, wax and rubber. Soft materials are often used for items that need flexibility, like cushions and rubber bands, while hard materials are used for construction and tools.
Q30. Hard materials cannot be easily:
Hard materials are difficult to scratch, dent or break. Examples include iron, diamond and glass. Hard materials are used for making tools, building structures and cutting instruments because they are strong and durable.
Q31. Materials that allow heat to pass through them are called:
Conductors of heat are materials that allow heat to pass through them easily. Examples include copper, aluminium and iron. These materials are used for making cooking utensils, so that heat can be transferred quickly to the food.
Q32. Materials that do not allow heat to pass through them are called:
Insulators of heat are materials that do not allow heat to pass through them easily. Examples include wood, plastic and wool. These materials are used for making handles of cooking utensils, to prevent heat from reaching our hands, and for keeping things warm or cold.
Q33. Wood is a poor conductor of heat. This means:
Wood is a poor conductor of heat because it does not allow heat to pass through it easily. This is why wooden handles are used on cooking utensils and tools to protect our hands from burning. Wood is also a good insulator of electricity.
Q34. Metals are generally:
Metals are generally lustrous (shiny) and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Examples include iron, copper, gold and aluminium. These properties make metals useful for making electrical wires, cooking utensils and jewellery.
Q35. Non-metals are generally:
Non-metals are generally non-lustrous (dull) and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Examples include wood, plastic, rubber and glass. Non-metals are used as insulators, packaging materials and for making handles and covers.
Q36. Glass is a transparent material. This property makes it useful for:
Glass is transparent, which means light can pass through it clearly. This property makes glass useful for making windows, spectacles, lenses and glassware. It allows us to see through it while still providing a barrier to wind and rain.
Q37. Paper is a translucent material when it is:
Paper is usually opaque, but when it becomes oily or wet, it becomes translucent. This means light can pass through it but not clearly. This property can be observed when a drop of oil is spilled on a paper napkin.
Q38. The state of matter that has a fixed shape and volume is called:
A solid is a state of matter that has a fixed shape and fixed volume. The particles in a solid are closely packed together and cannot move freely. Examples include wood, iron, ice and stone.
Q39. The state of matter that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape is called:
A liquid is a state of matter that has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. The particles in a liquid can move and slide past each other but are still close together. Examples include water, oil, milk and alcohol.
Q40. The state of matter that has no fixed shape or volume is called:
A gas is a state of matter that has no fixed shape or volume and completely fills the container it is in. The particles in a gas are far apart and move freely. Examples include oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen.
Q41. The conversion of a solid into a liquid on heating is called:
Melting is the process by which a solid turns into a liquid when it is heated. For example, ice melts into water when heated. This happens because the particles gain energy and move more freely.
Q42. The conversion of a liquid into a solid on cooling is called:
Freezing is the process by which a liquid turns into a solid when it is cooled. For example, water freezes into ice at 0°C. In this process, the particles lose energy and become tightly packed.
Q43. The conversion of a liquid into a gas on heating is called:
Evaporation is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas when it is heated. For example, water evaporates to form water vapour when heated. Evaporation occurs on the surface of the liquid at any temperature.
Q44. The conversion of a gas into a liquid on cooling is called:
Condensation is the process by which a gas turns into a liquid when it is cooled. For example, water vapour in the air condenses into tiny droplets of water on cold glass. Condensation is the reverse of evaporation.
Q45. The boiling point of water is:
The boiling point of water is 100°C at normal atmospheric pressure. At this temperature, water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapour). This is the temperature at which water boils and can be used for cooking and sterilization.
Q46. The melting point of ice is:
The melting point of ice is 0°C. At this temperature, ice changes from a solid to a liquid (water). This is the temperature at which ice begins to melt.
Q47. The property of a material that describes its ability to be beaten into thin sheets is called:
Malleability is the property of a material that allows it to be beaten into thin sheets without breaking. Gold is the most malleable metal and can be beaten into very thin sheets called gold leaf. This property is useful for making foils and decorative items.
Q48. The property of a material that describes its ability to be drawn into thin wires is called:
Ductility is the property of a material that allows it to be stretched and drawn into thin wires. Copper and gold are highly ductile metals. This property is important for making electrical wires, cables and jewellery.
Q49. A material that can be scratched easily is said to be:
A material that can be scratched easily is said to be soft. Soft materials are not very strong and can be damaged easily. Examples include chalk, wax and lead. Hard materials, on the other hand, resist scratching.
Q50. The ability of a substance to float on water depends on its:
The ability of a substance to float on water depends on its density. If a substance is less dense than water, it floats; if it is denser, it sinks. For example, oil floats on water because it is less dense, while stones sink because they are more dense.
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Q51. The grouping of materials based on their properties is useful because:
Grouping materials based on their properties is very useful because it helps us identify materials, choose the right material for a specific job and store materials properly. For example, knowing that copper is a good conductor helps us use it for electrical wires. Knowing that glass is brittle helps us handle it carefully.
Q52. An example of a lustrous material is:
Gold is a lustrous material because it has a shiny, reflective surface. Other examples include silver, copper and diamonds. Lustrous materials are often used for making jewellery and decorative items because of their attractive appearance.
Q53. An example of a non-lustrous material is:
Wood is a non-lustrous material because it does not reflect light well and appears dull. Non-lustrous materials are often used for construction, furniture and packaging because they are strong and cheap.
Q54. An example of a conductor of heat is:
Iron is a good conductor of heat, meaning it allows heat to pass through it easily. This is why iron is used to make cooking pots and pans. Wood, plastic and rubber are insulators and do not conduct heat well.
Q55. An example of an insulator of heat is:
Plastic is an insulator of heat because it does not allow heat to pass through it easily. This property makes plastic useful for making handles of cooking utensils and for covering electrical wires. It protects us from heat and electricity.
Q56. Air is matter because:
Air is matter because it has mass and occupies space. This can be proven by blowing up a balloon; the air fills the balloon and adds mass to it. Even though we cannot see air, it is a real substance that takes up space.
Q57. The water in a glass has a fixed:
Water in a glass has a fixed volume but takes the shape of the glass. This means it does not have a fixed shape, but the amount of water (volume) remains the same unless some is poured out or evaporated.
Q58. Which of the following is a non-combustible material?
Stone is a non-combustible material because it does not burn when exposed to fire. Wood, paper and cloth are combustible and can catch fire easily. Non-combustible materials are used for building fireproof structures and for making fire-resistant equipment.
Q59. The property of a material to dissolve in water is called:
Solubility is the property of a material that allows it to dissolve in water or another liquid. The substance that dissolves is called the solute, and the liquid is called the solvent. Solubility is an important property for making solutions and for understanding how materials interact.
Q60. Classification of materials makes it easy to:
Classification of materials makes it easy to study and understand their properties, use them in different applications and find substitutes and new uses. It also helps in the development of new materials for specific purposes. This is why classification is an important tool in science and industry.