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Q1. The Sun and all the objects that revolve around it together form the:
The Solar System includes the Sun and all the planets, moons and other objects that orbit around it. Our Earth is a part of this system.
Q2. The Moon is a:
A natural satellite is an object that orbits a planet. The Moon orbits the Earth, so it is our natural satellite.
Q3. The Moon is also called the:
The Moon goes around the Earth just like a satellite. It is called a natural satellite because it was made by nature, not by humans.
Q4. The surface of the Moon has many:
The Moon’s surface is rocky and has many holes called craters. These craters were made by meteoroids hitting the Moon.
Q5. The hollows or holes on the surface of the Moon are called:
Craters are bowl-shaped holes on the Moon’s surface. They are formed when space rocks called meteoroids crash into the Moon.
Q6. The Moon’s diameter is about how many times smaller than the Earth’s diameter?
The Moon is much smaller than the Earth. Its diameter is about one-fourth the diameter of the Earth.
Q7. The Moon’s gravity is about how many times weaker than the Earth’s gravity?
The Moon’s gravity is only one-sixth of the Earth’s gravity. This means you would weigh six times less on the Moon than on Earth.
Q8. The Moon’s gravity is weaker because:
The Moon is smaller than the Earth and has less mass. This is why its gravitational pull is weaker.
Q9. The first artificial satellite sent into space was:
Sputnik was the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. It started the space age.
Q10. The spacecraft that took humans to the Moon was:
Apollo XI was the spacecraft that landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. It was a mission of NASA.
Q11. The first man to walk on the Moon was:
Neil Armstrong was the first human to step on the Moon on July 20, 1969. He said the famous words, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Q12. The second man to walk on the Moon was:
Edwin Aldrin, also called Buzz Aldrin, was the second person to walk on the Moon. He followed Neil Armstrong during the Apollo XI mission.
Q13. The Moon causes the rise and fall of water in oceans called:
The gravitational pull of the Moon pulls the water in oceans. This causes the water to rise and fall, which we call tides.
Q14. When the Moon and Sun are in a straight line, we have:
When the Sun and Moon are in line, their gravity pulls together. This creates very high tides called spring tides.
Q15. During the first and last quarter of the Moon, we have:
When the Sun and Moon are at right angles, their gravity works against each other. This causes low tides or neap tides.
Q16. High tides occur when the Moon is directly:
When the Moon is overhead, its gravity pulls the ocean water towards it. This causes the water level to rise, creating high tides.
Q17. The rise of ocean water level is called:
High tide is when the ocean water rises and reaches the shore. This happens due to the Moon’s gravitational pull.
Q18. The fall of ocean water level is called:
Low tide is when the ocean water goes back and the level falls. The shoreline moves outward during low tide.
Q19. The Moon’s gravity is responsible for causing:
The Moon’s gravity pulls the Earth’s water towards it. This pull causes the water to rise and fall in the oceans.
Q20. An object that does not allow light to pass through it is called:
Opaque objects do not let light pass through them at all. Wood, metal and stone are examples of opaque objects.
Q21. An object that allows light to pass through it clearly is called:
Transparent objects allow light to pass through completely. Glass and clear water are transparent objects.
Q22. An object that allows light to pass through but not clearly is called:
Translucent objects allow light to pass through but scatter it. Frosted glass and butter paper are translucent objects.
Q23. Glass is an example of a/an:
Glass is transparent because we can see clearly through it. Light passes through it without scattering.
Q24. Wood is an example of a/an:
Wood is opaque because light cannot pass through it. We cannot see what is behind a wooden door.
Q25. Frosted glass is an example of a/an:
Frosted glass allows some light to pass but scatters it. We cannot see clearly through it, so it is translucent.
Q26. A shadow is formed when:
A shadow forms when an opaque object comes in the way of light. The object blocks the light and creates a dark area behind it.
Q27. A shadow is always formed on the:
Shadows are formed on the side opposite to where the light is coming from. The object blocks the light there.
Q28. The Sun is a source of:
The Sun gives us both light and heat. It is the main source of light and energy for our planet.
Q29. When the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth, it causes:
A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes directly between the Sun and the Earth. The Moon blocks the Sun’s light from reaching us.
Q30. When the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, it causes:
A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon. The Earth casts its shadow on the Moon.
Q31. In a total solar eclipse, the Sun is completely:
During a total solar eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun completely. The sky becomes dark for a few minutes during the day.
Q32. In a partial solar eclipse, the Sun is:
In a partial solar eclipse, only part of the Sun is covered by the Moon. The Sun looks like a crescent shape.
Q33. In a total lunar eclipse, the Moon is completely covered by:
During a total lunar eclipse, the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon. The Earth’s shadow completely covers the Moon.
Q34. In a partial lunar eclipse, the Moon is:
During a partial lunar eclipse, only part of the Moon enters the Earth’s shadow. The rest of the Moon remains visible.
Q35. A lunar eclipse occurs on:
A lunar eclipse happens only on a full moon night. This is when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.
Q36. A solar eclipse occurs on:
A solar eclipse happens only on a new moon day. This is when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth.
Q37. Shadows are formed because light:
Light travels in a straight line. When an opaque object blocks this straight path, a shadow forms behind it.
Q38. An example of a transparent object is:
A glass window is transparent because we can see through it clearly. Light passes through it without being blocked.
Q39. An example of an opaque object is:
A wooden table is opaque because light cannot pass through it. It blocks all light and creates a shadow.
Q40. Artificial satellites are used for:
Artificial satellites have many uses. They help in TV transmission, weather forecasting and GPS navigation.
Q41. The first artificial satellite launched by India was:
Aryabhata was the first artificial satellite launched by India in 1975. It was named after an ancient Indian astronomer.
Q42. Artificial satellites are made by:
Artificial satellites are machines made by humans. They are launched into space using rockets.
Q43. The Earth is a planet because it:
A planet is a body that revolves around a star like the Sun. The Earth revolves around the Sun, so it is a planet.
Q44. The Moon does not have its own:
The Moon does not produce its own light. It shines because it reflects the light of the Sun.
Q45. The dark side of the Moon is the side:
The dark side of the Moon is the side facing away from the Sun. This side does not receive sunlight.
Q46. The Moon takes about how many days to complete one orbit around the Earth?
The Moon takes about 27.3 days to go around the Earth once. This is called its orbital period.
Q47. The Moon’s surface has no:
The Moon has no atmosphere and no liquid water. There is no air to breathe on the Moon.
Q48. An artificial satellite is used to:
Artificial satellites help us study Earth, weather, climate and space. They send back important information to scientists.
Q49. Eclipse occurs when:
An eclipse happens when one object comes between a light source and another object. This blocks the light and creates a shadow.
Q50. We should never look directly at a solar eclipse because:
Looking directly at the Sun during a solar eclipse can permanently damage our eyes. We should always use special glasses or indirect viewing methods.
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Q51. Neil Armstrong said the famous words:
Neil Armstrong spoke these words when he first stepped on the Moon. It was a historic moment for all of humanity.
Q52. The weight of a person on the Moon would be:
The Moon’s gravity is weaker, so everything weighs less there. A person weighing 60 kg on Earth would weigh only 10 kg on the Moon.
Q53. Artificial satellites are sent into space by:
Rockets carry satellites into space and place them in orbit. Rockets have enough power to escape the Earth’s gravity.
Q54. The Moon revolves around the:
The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite, so it revolves around the Earth. It takes about 27 days to complete one orbit.
Q55. When the Moon’s shadow falls on Earth, it causes:
During a solar eclipse, the Moon’s shadow falls on Earth. This happens when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth.
Q56. When the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, it causes:
During a lunar eclipse, the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon. This happens when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon.
Q57. A total solar eclipse is seen when:
During a total solar eclipse, the Moon completely covers the Sun. The sky becomes dark for a few minutes.
Q58. The shadows in the morning are:
In the morning, the Sun is low in the sky, so the shadows of objects are very long. As the Sun rises higher, the shadows become shorter.
Q59. The shadows at noon are:
At noon, the Sun is directly overhead, so shadows are very short. Sometimes, they might even disappear completely.
Q60. The Chandrayaan mission was launched by India to:
Chandrayaan is India’s mission to study the Moon. It has helped scientists learn more about the Moon’s surface and water.