Rocks

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Q1. The solid natural material that makes up the Earth’s crust is called:
Rocks are hard, solid natural materials found on the Earth’s surface and inside it. They are made up of one or more minerals.
Q2. Rocks that are formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock are called:
Igneous rocks are formed when hot melted rock called magma cools down and becomes solid. They are the oldest type of rocks.
Q3. Granite is an example of a/an:
Granite is a hard igneous rock made of minerals like quartz and feldspar. It is commonly used for building and statues.
Q4. Pumice is a type of igneous rock that:
Pumice is a light igneous rock with many tiny holes. These holes make it light enough to float on water.
Q5. Obsidian is an igneous rock that looks like:
Obsidian is a shiny, glass-like rock formed when lava cools very quickly. It is smooth and has a dark colour.
Q6. The texture of granite is:
Granite is a coarse-grained rock with visible mineral crystals. You can see the different coloured minerals in it.
Q7. The texture of pumice is:
Pumice is a light rock with many air holes inside it. Its spongy texture makes it feel rough but weigh very little.
Q8. The texture of obsidian is:
Obsidian has a smooth, glassy texture because it cools very quickly. It looks like black glass and is very sharp when broken.
Q9. Rocks formed by the deposition and hardening of sediments are called:
Sedimentary rocks are formed when tiny pieces of rock and sand settle at the bottom of water bodies. Over time, these layers harden into solid rock.
Q10. Sandstone is an example of a/an:
Sandstone is made from grains of sand that have been pressed together over millions of years. It is a common sedimentary rock.
Q11. A sedimentary rock made of rounded pebbles and stones cemented together is called:
Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock that contains rounded pebbles and stones. These pieces are cemented together like a natural concrete.
Q12. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is mostly made of:
Limestone is made mainly of calcium carbonate from the shells of sea animals. It is used in making cement and as building material.
Q13. Dolomite is a sedimentary rock similar to:
Dolomite is very similar to limestone and contains both calcium and magnesium. It is used in construction and as a source of magnesium.
Q14. Rocks changed by intense heat and pressure inside the Earth are called:
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by great heat and pressure. This process happens deep inside the Earth.
Q15. Gneiss is an example of a/an:
Gneiss is a metamorphic rock formed from granite under high heat and pressure. It has bands of different colours.
Q16. Slate is a metamorphic rock formed from:
Slate is formed when shale, a sedimentary rock, is subjected to heat and pressure. It splits easily into thin flat sheets and is used for roofing.
Q17. Underground natural resources are also called:
Underground natural resources include valuable materials like coal, petroleum, metals and minerals. They are found deep inside the Earth.
Q18. Coal is a type of:
Coal is a fossil fuel formed from dead plants over millions of years. It is used to produce electricity and heat.
Q19. The first stage of coal formation is:
Peat is the first stage of coal formation. It is soft, brown and contains more water than other types of coal.
Q20. The second stage of coal formation is:
Lignite is the second stage of coal formation. It is brownish-black and has lower carbon content than higher grade coals.
Q21. The hardest and highest quality coal is called:
Anthracite is the best quality coal with the highest carbon content. It burns with very little smoke and gives more heat.
Q22. The soft, brown coal with low carbon content is called:
Lignite is soft and brown in colour and has lower carbon content. It is used to produce electricity in power plants.
Q23. What is the main use of coal?
Coal is mainly used to produce electricity in power plants. It is also burned in factories and industries to generate heat.
Q24. Petroleum is a:
Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed from dead sea creatures over millions of years. It is called liquid gold because of its value.
Q25. Petroleum is also called:
Petroleum is called liquid gold because it is very valuable. It is used to make fuels, plastics and many other products.
Q26. The main use of petroleum is to make:
Petroleum is refined to make petrol, diesel and other fuels. These fuels power cars, buses, aeroplanes and ships.
Q27. Natural gas is a fossil fuel used for:
Natural gas is used for cooking food and heating homes. It is a clean-burning fuel compared to coal and petroleum.
Q28. Fossil fuels are called non-renewable because:
Fossil fuels take millions of years to form from dead plants and animals. Once used, they cannot be replaced quickly.
Q29. We should conserve natural resources because:
Natural resources like coal, petroleum and minerals are limited. We must use them carefully so they last longer for future generations.
Q30. Soil conservation means:
Soil conservation means protecting the top layer of soil from being washed or blown away. Healthy soil is needed for growing food.
Q31. One method of soil conservation is:
Planting more trees holds the soil together with their roots. This prevents the soil from being washed away by rain.
Q32. Planting more trees is called:
Afforestation means planting trees in areas where there were none. This helps in soil conservation and makes the environment better.
Q33. Building dams or embankments helps in:
Dams and embankments slow down the flow of water. This prevents soil from being washed away by fast-moving water.
Q34. Terrace farming is used on:
Terrace farming means cutting steps on the slopes of hills. This stops soil from washing down and also helps grow crops.
Q35. A mineral found in granite is:
Granite contains minerals like quartz, feldspar and mica. Quartz is a hard mineral that is also used in glass-making.
Q36. A mineral found in limestone is:
Limestone is rich in calcium carbonate. Calcium from limestone is used to make cement and building materials.
Q37. The process of taking out minerals from the Earth is called:
Mining is the process of digging or blasting rocks to extract minerals. It is done from underground mines or open pits.
Q38. Fossil fuels were formed from:
Fossil fuels were formed from the remains of dead plants and animals. These remains got buried under the Earth for millions of years.
Q39. Which of these is used as fuel in vehicles?
Petrol is a fuel made from petroleum. It is used to run cars, scooters and other vehicles.
Q40. One way to conserve natural resources is:
Recycling paper, plastic and metals reduces the need for new raw materials. This helps save our natural resources.
Q41. Coal is used in:
Coal is burned in power plants to produce electricity. It is a major source of energy in many countries.
Q42. The top layer of soil is important because it:
The topsoil is rich in nutrients that plants need to grow. Losing this layer makes it difficult to grow food.
Q43. Roots of trees help in soil conservation by:
Roots of trees hold the soil particles together firmly. This prevents soil from being washed away by wind or water.
Q44. Dams are built to:
Dams stop fast-flowing water and reduce soil erosion. They also store water for irrigation and drinking.
Q45. Terrace farming helps in:
Terrace farming creates flat steps on hillsides. These steps slow down water flow and prevent soil erosion.
Q46. Which of these is a fossil fuel?
Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed from dead sea creatures. It is used for cooking, heating and generating electricity.
Q47. Overusing natural resources will cause:
Natural resources are limited and take millions of years to form. Overusing them will make them disappear quickly.
Q48. A way to save petroleum is by:
Walking or cycling reduces the use of vehicles. This saves petroleum and reduces air pollution.
Q49. Coking coal is used in making:
Coking coal is a special type of coal used in steel factories. It provides the heat needed to make steel from iron ore.
Q50. The mineral mica is found in:
Granite contains mica, a shiny mineral that splits into thin sheets. Mica is used in electrical equipment because it does not conduct electricity.
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Q51. The process of soil being carried away by wind and water is called:
Soil erosion is the wearing away of topsoil by natural forces like wind and rain. It makes the land less fertile for growing crops.
Q52. Which of these is used to make cement?
Limestone is heated with clay to make cement. It is one of the main ingredients in cement production.
Q53. Peat is mainly used as:
Peat is burned as a fuel in some countries. However, it produces less heat than coal and is not as widely used.
Q54. Which mineral is found in sandstone?
Sandstone is mostly made of quartz grains. The quartz grains are cemented together to form this sedimentary rock.
Q55. Anthracite has the highest:
Anthracite is the highest quality coal with 90% or more carbon. It burns cleanly with a hot flame.
Q56. Ploughing along the contour lines of a slope is called:
Contour ploughing means ploughing across the slope instead of up and down. This reduces soil erosion by slowing down water flow.
Q57. Petroleum products include:
Petroleum is refined to make many products like petrol, diesel, kerosene and plastic. These are used in our daily lives.
Q58. The conservation of minerals is important because:
Minerals are formed very slowly inside the Earth. Once they are used up, they cannot be replaced in our lifetime.
Q59. Conglomerate is made up of:
Conglomerate is made of rounded pebbles and stones cemented together. It looks like a natural piece of concrete.
Q60. Using renewable energy sources like solar and wind helps in:
Renewable energy sources do not use fossil fuels. Using them helps save coal, petroleum and natural gas for the future.