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Q1. The process of placing seeds in the prepared soil at the correct depth and spacing is called:
Sowing is the process of placing seeds in the prepared soil at the correct depth and spacing. This is a crucial step in crop production because proper depth and spacing ensure that seeds germinate well and plants grow healthily without competing for resources. Ploughing is soil preparation, weeding removes unwanted plants, and harvesting is gathering mature crops.
Q2. The traditional method of sowing in which seeds are scattered manually by hand is known as:
Broadcasting is the traditional method of sowing where seeds are scattered manually by hand across the field. This is the oldest and simplest method of sowing, commonly used for crops like wheat and rice. Transplanting involves moving seedlings from a nursery, drilling uses a seed drill, and dibbling involves dropping seeds in holes.
Q3. A modern tool used for sowing seeds at uniform depth and spacing is called a:
A seed drill is a modern tool used for sowing seeds at uniform depth and spacing. It ensures that seeds are placed at the right depth and distance from each other, which improves germination and reduces seed wastage. The plough is used for soil preparation, the harrow breaks soil clods, and the leveller levels the field.
Q4. The practice of uprooting seedlings from a nursery and planting them in the main field is called:
Transplanting is the practice of uprooting seedlings from a nursery and planting them in the main field. This method is commonly used for rice and vegetable crops. It allows seedlings to grow in a protected environment before being moved to the field. Sowing is direct seeding, threshing separates grains, and winnowing separates chaff.
Q5. Which of the following crops is commonly grown by transplanting?
Rice is commonly grown by transplanting. Seedlings are first raised in a nursery and then transplanted into the main field. This is done to ensure proper spacing and better growth in flooded conditions. Wheat, maize, and barley are usually sown directly in the field.
Q6. The process of adding organic matter like decomposed plant and animal waste to the soil is called:
Manuring is the process of adding organic matter like decomposed plant and animal waste to the soil. This improves soil fertility, structure, and water-holding capacity. Irrigation is watering, weeding removes unwanted plants, and harvesting is gathering crops. Manuring is an essential practice for sustainable agriculture.
Q7. Which of the following is an example of organic manure?
Compost is an example of organic manure made from decomposed plant and animal waste. It improves soil fertility and structure naturally. Urea, DAP (diammonium phosphate), and potash are chemical fertilizers, not organic manures. Organic manures release nutrients slowly and improve soil health.
Q8. Inorganic nutrients supplied in the form of chemical compounds to boost crop growth are called:
Fertilizers are inorganic nutrients supplied in the form of chemical compounds to boost crop growth. They provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in concentrated forms. Manures are organic, pesticides kill pests, and herbicides kill weeds. Fertilizers are used for rapid plant growth.
Q9. The process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals is called:
Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals. It ensures crops receive enough moisture, especially in areas with insufficient rainfall. Manuring adds nutrients, sowing plants seeds, and weeding removes unwanted plants. Irrigation is essential for crop growth.
Q10. A traditional method of irrigation where water is drawn from a well using a rope and bucket is called:
The moat (pulley system) is a traditional method of irrigation where water is drawn from a well using a rope and bucket. This is an old and labour-intensive method still used in some areas. Drip and sprinkler systems are modern methods, and canal irrigation uses channels from rivers.
Q11. A modern irrigation method that delivers water directly to the roots of plants through tubes is called:
Drip irrigation is a modern method that delivers water directly to the roots of plants through tubes with emitters. It is highly water-efficient and reduces evaporation. Flood, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation are less efficient. Drip irrigation is widely used in water-scarce areas and for horticultural crops.
Q12. The removal of unwanted plants that compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight is called:
Weeding is the removal of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Sowing is planting seeds, harvesting is gathering mature crops, and threshing is separating grains. Weeding is essential for healthy crop growth and high yields.
Q13. A chemical substance used to kill unwanted plants is called a:
A herbicide is a chemical substance used to kill unwanted plants (weeds). Fungicides kill fungi, insecticides kill insects, and rodenticides kill rodents. Herbicides are important for weed control in modern agriculture.
Q14. The practice of protecting crops from pests, diseases, and animals is collectively known as:
Crop protection is the practice of protecting crops from pests, diseases, and animals. It includes the use of pesticides, biological control, and other methods. Crop rotation is a sequence of crops, irrigation is watering, and manuring is adding nutrients. Crop protection ensures healthy yields.
Q15. A chemical used to kill insects that damage crops is called an:
An insecticide is a chemical used to kill insects that damage crops. Herbicides kill weeds, fungicides kill fungi, and weedicide is another term for herbicide. Insecticides are important for protecting crops from insect pests.
Q16. The process of cutting and gathering mature crops from the field is known as:
Harvesting is the process of cutting and gathering mature crops from the field. It is the final step in crop production before processing and storage. Sowing is planting seeds, weeding removes weeds, and threshing separates grains. Harvesting is done when crops are ready.
Q17. The tool commonly used by farmers in India for manual harvesting is called a:
A sickle is a tool commonly used by farmers in India for manual harvesting. It has a curved blade used to cut crops. The plough is for soil preparation, the seed drill is for sowing, and the hoe is for weeding. The sickle is an essential traditional tool.
Q18. The process of separating grains from the harvested stalks and husks is called:
Threshing is the process of separating grains from the harvested stalks and husks. It can be done manually or with machines. Winnowing separates chaff from grains, sowing is planting, and irrigation is watering. Threshing is an important step after harvesting.
Q19. The method of separating grains from chaff by allowing wind to blow the lighter chaff away is called:
Winnowing is the method of separating grains from chaff by allowing wind to blow the lighter chaff away. It is a traditional method used after threshing. Threshing separates grains from stalks, harvesting is cutting crops, and sowing is planting. Winnowing is still used in rural areas.
Q20. The traditional implement used for winnowing is called a:
The winnowing basket (supa) is a traditional implement used for winnowing. It is a shallow basket used to toss grains so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff. The sickle is for harvesting, the plough is for soil preparation, and the hoe is for weeding.
Q21. The process of keeping harvested grains in safe conditions to protect them from pests, moisture, and spoilage is called:
Storage of grains is the process of keeping harvested grains in safe conditions to protect them from pests, moisture, and spoilage. Proper storage is essential to prevent losses. Harvesting is cutting crops, threshing separates grains, and winnowing separates chaff. Good storage practices ensure food security.
Q22. Which of the following is a traditional method of storing grains at home?
Gunny bags and mud bins are traditional methods of storing grains at home. They are simple and inexpensive. Silos are modern large-scale storage, refrigerators are not used for grains, and metal drums without lids would not protect grains from moisture and pests. Traditional storage methods are still common in rural areas.
Q23. A large, airtight structure used for storing bulk grains in modern agriculture is called a:
A silo is a large, airtight structure used for storing bulk grains in modern agriculture. It protects grains from pests, moisture, and spoilage. A shed is a simple shelter, a granary is a storehouse, and a bin is a smaller container. Silos are used for large-scale storage.
Q24. The scientific method of improving crop plants by crossing different varieties to develop desirable traits is called:
Plant breeding is the scientific method of improving crop plants by crossing different varieties to develop desirable traits such as higher yield, disease resistance, and better quality. Crop rotation is a farming practice, irrigation is watering, and manuring is adding nutrients. Plant breeding is a key aspect of modern agriculture.
Q25. The development of new crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases is an example of:
The development of new crop varieties resistant to pests and diseases is an example of plant breeding. Plant breeders select and cross plants to develop traits like resistance. Crop protection involves using pesticides, irrigation is watering, and weeding removes weeds. Plant breeding creates long-term solutions.
Q26. The practice of growing different crops in a planned sequence on the same land to maintain soil fertility is called:
Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in a planned sequence on the same land to maintain soil fertility. It helps prevent nutrient depletion and reduces pest and disease buildup. Mixed cropping is growing multiple crops together, multiple cropping is growing several crops in a year, and intercropping is growing two crops simultaneously.
Q27. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice during the 1960s in India is known as the:
The Green Revolution refers to the introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice during the 1960s in India. This led to a significant increase in food production. The White Revolution is for milk, the Blue Revolution for fisheries, and the Yellow Revolution for oilseeds.
Q28. A crop variety that is developed to mature earlier than traditional varieties helps farmers because it:
A crop variety that matures earlier allows farmers to grow multiple crops in a year (multiple cropping). This increases productivity and income. It does not require more water, reduce fertilizer need, or increase weed growth. Early maturity is a desirable trait.
Q29. Which of the following is a high-yielding variety of wheat developed in India?
Kalyan Sona is a high-yielding variety of wheat developed in India during the Green Revolution. IR8 is a rice variety, Pusa Basmati is a basmati rice variety, and Jaya is also a rice variety. Kalyan Sona played a key role in increasing wheat production.
Q30. The process of adding water to fields through channels from rivers or reservoirs is called:
Canal irrigation is the process of adding water to fields through channels from rivers or reservoirs. It is a traditional and widely used method of irrigation. Drip and sprinkler systems are modern methods, and basin irrigation involves flooding fields. Canal irrigation is common in areas with river systems.
Q31. A chemical used to control fungal diseases in crops is called a:
A fungicide is a chemical used to control fungal diseases in crops. Insecticides kill insects, herbicides kill weeds, and rodenticides kill rodents. Fungicides are important for preventing crop losses due to fungal infections.
Q32. The practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field is called:
Mixed cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. This reduces the risk of crop failure and improves resource use. Crop rotation is a sequence, transplanting is moving seedlings, and broadcasting is scattering seeds.
Q33. The first step before sowing seeds is to ensure that seeds are:
Before sowing, seeds should be treated with fungicides or selected for quality to ensure good germination and protection against diseases. Soaking for a week is not recommended, mixing with fertilizers is not the first step, and storing in airtight containers is for storage, not sowing.
Q34. The method of transplanting is most suitable for crops that require:
Transplanting is suitable for crops that require careful spacing and initial protection in a nursery. It allows seedlings to grow in a protected environment before being moved to the field. Direct sowing is not transplanting, and crops need watering during early growth. Deep ploughing is done before sowing, not after.
Q35. Which of the following is a modern method of irrigation that is suitable for uneven land and sandy soils?
The sprinkler system is a modern irrigation method suitable for uneven land and sandy soils. It distributes water like rain and is effective on slopes. Flood, furrow, and basin irrigation are less suitable for uneven terrain. Sprinklers are widely used in water-scarce areas.
Q36. The practice of applying fertilizers in precise amounts at the correct time to maximize crop yield is called:
Fertilizer management is the practice of applying fertilizers in precise amounts at the correct time to maximize crop yield. It ensures efficient use of nutrients and reduces waste. Broadcasting is scattering seeds, transplanting is moving seedlings, and weeding removes weeds. Proper fertilizer management is essential for high productivity.
Q37. The process of loosening soil around growing plants to aerate the roots and control weeds is called:
Hoeing is the process of loosening soil around growing plants to aerate the roots and control weeds. It is done using a hand tool called a hoe. Ploughing is done before sowing, transplanting moves seedlings, and winnowing separates chaff. Hoeing is an important practice during crop growth.
Q38. Which of the following is a benefit of using organic manure over chemical fertilizers?
Organic manure improves soil structure and long-term fertility. It releases nutrients slowly and increases organic matter content. Chemical fertilizers provide nutrients instantly but can degrade soil health over time. Organic manure is not easier to transport and contains a variety of nutrients, not just nitrogen.
Q39. The process of selecting seeds by placing them in water and using only the seeds that sink is done to:
Seeds that sink in water are healthy, while damaged or hollow seeds float. This simple test is done to remove damaged or hollow seeds. It does not increase weight, make seeds germinate faster, or add nutrients. It is a basic method of seed selection.
Q40. The main purpose of crop protection is to:
The main purpose of crop protection is to prevent losses caused by pests, diseases, and weeds. It ensures healthy crop growth and higher yields. It does not increase weeds, reduce irrigation needs, or delay harvesting. Crop protection is essential for food security.
Q41. Which of the following is a biological method of pest control?
Releasing natural predators like ladybirds is a biological method of pest control. It uses natural enemies to control pests without chemicals. Spraying insecticides, using pesticides, and applying fungicides are chemical methods. Biological control is eco-friendly and sustainable.
Q42. The storage of grains at the farm level often involves drying the grains in the sun to:
Grains are dried in the sun to reduce moisture content and prevent fungal growth. High moisture can lead to spoilage. Sun-drying does not increase weight, make grains taste better, or remove the husk. It is a simple and effective preservation method.
Q43. The practice of growing a leguminous crop between two cereal crops in a rotation helps because:
Growing a leguminous crop between two cereal crops in a rotation helps because it adds nitrogen to the soil through nitrogen fixation. Legumes have Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen. This reduces the need for nitrogen fertilizers and improves soil fertility.
Q44. Which of the following is an improved practice in sowing that ensures proper depth and spacing?
Using a seed drill is an improved practice in sowing that ensures proper depth and spacing. It places seeds uniformly, reducing competition and improving germination. Broadcasting, manual scattering, and random throwing are traditional methods that do not ensure uniform spacing.
Q45. The process of transplanting is commonly used in the cultivation of which of the following crops?
Transplanting is commonly used in the cultivation of rice and vegetables like tomatoes and chillies. Wheat, barley, maize, jawar, pulses, and oilseeds are usually sown directly in the field. Transplanting allows better spacing and protection of seedlings.
Q46. Which of the following is a method of irrigation that delivers water directly to the base of each plant through emitters?
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the base of each plant through emitters. It is a highly water-efficient method that reduces evaporation and runoff. Flood, furrow, and sprinkler irrigation are less targeted. Drip irrigation is widely used in horticulture and water-scarce areas.
Q47. The main purpose of weeding is to:
The main purpose of weeding is to reduce competition for resources (nutrients, water, and light) and improve crop yield. Weeds compete with crops and reduce productivity. Weeding does not increase the number of crops, make soil compact, or add nutrients. It is an essential practice for healthy crop growth.
Q48. A modern combine harvester performs which two operations simultaneously?
A modern combine harvester performs harvesting and threshing simultaneously. It cuts the crop and separates the grains from the stalks in one operation. It does not perform sowing, irrigation, ploughing, weeding, or manuring. This machine saves time and labor.
Q49. The improvement of crops through plant breeding has led to the development of varieties that are:
Plant breeding has led to the development of varieties that are high-yielding and disease-resistant. These varieties help increase food production and reduce losses. They are not more susceptible to pests, slow-growing, or requiring more water. Improved varieties are essential for modern agriculture.
Q50. The process of storing grains in airtight containers or silos helps to:
Storing grains in airtight containers or silos helps to protect them from insects, rodents, and moisture. This prevents spoilage and extends shelf life. It does not increase moisture, speed up ripening, or reduce weight. Proper storage is crucial for food security.