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📘 Study MCQs
Q1. What is the main purpose of refining crude petroleum?
• To change its color
• To mix it with water
• To separate it into useful components like petrol and diesel
• To make it solid
Answer: To separate it into useful components like petrol and diesel
Petroleum refining is the process of separating crude oil into various useful fractions. This is done through fractional distillation, which uses the different boiling points of the components.
Q2. Which of these is considered a cleaner alternative fuel for vehicles?
• Petrol
• Diesel
• CNG
• Kerosene
Answer: CNG
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) burns more cleanly than petrol or diesel. It produces fewer harmful pollutants, making it better for urban air quality.
Q3. What does the exhaustible nature of fossil fuels mean?
• They are unlimited.
• They can be made in a lab quickly.
• They are present in limited quantities and will run out.
• They are not useful.
Answer: They are present in limited quantities and will run out.
Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum take millions of years to form. We are using them much faster than they are created, so their stocks are limited and exhaustible.
Q4. What does PCRA stand for?
• Petroleum Conservation Research Association
• Petroleum Control and Regulation Agency
• Public Coal Resource Authority
• Primary Coal Research Association
Answer: Petroleum Conservation Research Association
The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) is an organization in India that advises people and industries on how to save fuel and use petroleum products more efficiently.
Q5. In which region of Ladakh is Borax found?
• Kargil
• Zanskar Valley
• Puga Valley
• Nubra Valley
Answer: Puga Valley
Puga Valley in Ladakh is known for its natural deposits of Borax, a mineral used in cleaning products and glass making.
Q6. Where are significant deposits of Cement stone found in Jammu?
• Puga Valley
• Reasi and Basohli
• Doda
• Rajouri
Answer: Reasi and Basohli
Cement stone, which is a raw material for making cement, is found in the Reasi and Basohli areas of the Jammu region.
Q7. Which petroleum product is commonly used for surfacing roads?
• LPG
• Kerosene
• Bitumen
• Paraffin Wax
Answer: Bitumen
Bitumen is a black, sticky substance obtained from petroleum refining. It is used as a binder in asphalt for road construction and waterproofing.
Q8. Which fuel is stored under high pressure in cylinders for cooking?
• CNG
• Coal
• LPG
• Kerosene
Answer: LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of gases like propane and butane. It is compressed into a liquid and stored in cylinders for use as a domestic cooking fuel.
Q9. In which area of Kashmir is China Clay found?
• Wuyan
• Puga Valley
• Uri
• Kargil
Answer: Wuyan
China Clay, also known as kaolin, is found in the Wuyan (or Wuyam) area of Kashmir. It is used in making ceramics and porcelain.
Q10. Which of these is a major advantage of using CNG?
• It is highly polluting.
• It is difficult to transport.
• It is a cleaner-burning fuel.
• It is a solid fuel.
Answer: It is a cleaner-burning fuel.
CNG produces significantly lower amounts of harmful gases like carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen compared to petrol or diesel, reducing air pollution.
Q11. Where is Gypsum found in the Jammu region?
• Ramban, Batote, Gool Gulab Garh
• Puga Valley
• Reasi
• Kishtwar
Answer: Ramban, Batote, Gool Gulab Garh
Gypsum, used in plaster and cement, is mined in several places in Jammu including Ramban, Batote, and Gool Gulab Garh.
Q12. The process of separating petroleum into components is called what?
• Carbonisation
• Refining
• Condensation
• Filtration
Answer: Refining
Petroleum refining is the industrial process where crude oil is separated into its various useful fractions, such as petrol, diesel, and lubricating oil.
Q13. True or False: Fossil fuels can be made quickly in a laboratory.
• True
• False
Answer: False
Fossil fuels are formed naturally from organic matter over millions of years under high heat and pressure. These conditions cannot be replicated quickly in a lab.
Q14. In which district of Jammu is Mica found?
• Doda, Ramban, Reasi
• Jammu City
• Kathua
• Samba
Answer: Doda, Ramban, Reasi
Mica, a mineral known for its heat resistance and use in electrical equipment, is mined in the Doda, Ramban, and Reasi districts of Jammu.
Q15. What is a key characteristic of natural gas?
• It is primarily composed of methane.
• It is a solid at room temperature.
• It has a strong odor naturally.
• It is heavier than air.
Answer: It is primarily composed of methane.
Natural gas is a fossil fuel whose main component is methane (CH4). This makes it a relatively clean-burning hydrocarbon fuel.
Q16. Why should we conserve petroleum products?
• They are unlimited.
• They are renewable.
• They are exhaustible and cause pollution.
• They are not useful.
Answer: They are exhaustible and cause pollution.
Petroleum is a finite resource that will eventually run out. Also, burning it contributes to air pollution and climate change, so conservation is crucial.
Q17. Where in Kashmir are Graphite deposits located?
• Braripora, Uri, Kamah
• Anantnag
• Srinagar
• Pulwama
Answer: Braripora, Uri, Kamah
Graphite, used in pencils and as an industrial lubricant, is found in various parts of Kashmir including Braripora, Uri, and Kamah.
Q18. What is one simple tip PCRA gives to save petrol while driving?
• Drive at very high speeds.
• Keep the engine idling at stops.
• Ensure correct tyre pressure.
• Avoid using gears.
Answer: Ensure correct tyre pressure.
Properly inflated tyres have less rolling resistance, which means the engine uses less fuel to move the vehicle, thus saving petrol.
Q19. Which mineral, found in Nurkhawan (Kashmir), is used as a pigment?
• Gypsum
• Ochre
• Mica
• Graphite
Answer: Ochre
Ochre, a natural earth pigment, is found in areas like Nurkhawan, Ratasar, and Jhaggi in Kashmir. It is used in paints and dyes.
Q20. True or False: CNG is more polluting than petrol.
• True
• False
Answer: False
CNG is less polluting than petrol. It produces fewer greenhouse gases and almost no particulate matter, making it a cleaner alternative.
Q21. Where are Sulphur deposits found in Jammu & Kashmir?
• Puga Valley (Ladakh) and Anantnag (Kashmir)
• Jammu City only
• Leh only
• All over the state
Answer: Puga Valley (Ladakh) and Anantnag (Kashmir)
Sulphur, used in chemicals and fertilizers, is found in the geothermal area of Puga Valley in Ladakh and in regions like Anantnag and Khrew in Kashmir.
Q22. What is the primary use of coke obtained from coal?
• As a cooking fuel in homes.
• As a reducing agent in steel manufacturing.
• As a material for road construction.
• As a perfume.
Answer: As a reducing agent in steel manufacturing.
Coke is almost pure carbon. It is used as a fuel and, more importantly, as a reducing agent to extract iron from its ore in blast furnaces for steel production.
Q23. In which region is Slate found?
• Ramsu, Banihal, Ramban (Jammu)
• Puga Valley only
• Srinagar only
• Kargil only
Answer: Ramsu, Banihal, Ramban (Jammu)
Slate, a fine-grained rock used for roofing and flooring, is quarried in places like Ramsu, Banihal, and Ramban in the Jammu division.
Q24. What is a major benefit of using LPG over traditional fuels like wood?
• It produces more smoke.
• It is harder to ignite.
• It burns efficiently with less smoke.
• It is always more expensive.
Answer: It burns efficiently with less smoke.
LPG burns completely, producing a blue flame with very little smoke or soot. This makes it a cleaner and healthier option for indoor cooking compared to wood or coal.
Q25. Where is Asbestos found in Jammu & Kashmir?
• Kargil
• Jammu City
• Srinagar
• Leh
Answer: Kargil
Asbestos, a fibrous mineral once used for its heat resistance, is found in the Kargil district. Its use is now limited due to health risks.
Q26. The statement “Some Natural Resources are Limited” best applies to:
• Sunlight and wind.
• Coal, petroleum, and minerals.
• Air.
• Ocean water.
Answer: Coal, petroleum, and minerals.
This statement highlights that exhaustible resources like fossil fuels and specific minerals exist in finite amounts on Earth and cannot be replenished quickly.
Q27. Where is Marble found in Kashmir?
• Drugmulla, Zirhama
• Puga Valley
• Reasi
• Rajouri
Answer: Drugmulla, Zirhama
Marble, a prized stone for construction and sculpture, is quarried in several locations in Kashmir, including Drugmulla and Zirhama.
Q28. What is the full form of CNG?
• Combustible Natural Gas
• Compressed Natural Gas
• Common Natural Gas
• Condensed Natural Gas
Answer: Compressed Natural Gas
CNG is natural gas (mainly methane) that has been compressed to a high pressure, reducing its volume for storage and transport in cylinders.
Q29. In which Jammu areas is China Clay found?
• Chakhar, Tikri, Salal, Jangalgali
• Doda
• Kishtwar
• Udhampur
Answer: Chakhar, Tikri, Salal, Jangalgali
Deposits of China Clay, important for the ceramic industry, are found in several places in Jammu including Chakhar, Tikri, Salal, and Jangalgali.
Q30. True or False: Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.
• True
• False
Answer: False
Kerosene is derived from petroleum, which is a fossil fuel. Therefore, kerosene itself is a product obtained from a fossil fuel.
Q31. What is the main environmental reason for switching to CNG?
• To increase engine power.
• To reduce air pollution.
• To make vehicles louder.
• To use more fuel.
Answer: To reduce air pollution.
CNG combustion releases significantly lower levels of pollutants like carbon monoxide and particulate matter, helping to improve urban air quality.
Q32. Where is Graphite also found in the Jammu region?
• Kishtwar
• Jammu City
• Samba
• Kathua
Answer: Kishtwar
Besides Kashmir, graphite deposits are also located in the Kishtwar district of Jammu.
Q33. An organization like PCRA is important because it:
• Promotes wasting fuel.
• Encourages the wise and efficient use of petroleum.
• Only works for coal companies.
• Makes fuels more expensive.
Answer: Encourages the wise and efficient use of petroleum.
Since petroleum is an exhaustible resource, PCRA’s role in educating about conservation and efficient technologies is vital for sustainable use.
Q34. Where in Kashmir is Gypsum also found?
• Lachhipura, Kathia Nullah, Baramulla, Anantnag
• Puga Valley
• Kargil
• Leh
Answer: Lachhipura, Kathia Nullah, Baramulla, Anantnag
Gypsum deposits are not limited to Jammu; they are also found in various parts of Kashmir such as Lachhipura, Kathia Nullah, Baramulla, and Anantnag.
Q35. Which of these is an example of an inexhaustible natural resource?
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
• Wind
Answer: Wind
Wind is an inexhaustible natural resource because it is continuously replenished by nature and will not run out from human use, unlike fossil fuels.
Q36. True or False: Coke is almost pure form of carbon.
• True
• False
Answer: True
Coke is produced by heating coal in the absence of air. This process drives off volatile compounds, leaving behind a residue that is mostly carbon.
Q37. Where is Sulphur also found in the Jammu region?
• Rajouri
• Jammu City
• Kathua
• Udhampur
Answer: Rajouri
Sulphur deposits are also present in the Rajouri district of Jammu.
Q38. What is the main use of Borax?
• As a fuel.
• In cleaning agents, glass, and ceramics.
• For making steel.
• In road construction.
Answer: In cleaning agents, glass, and ceramics.
Borax is a versatile mineral used in laundry detergents, as a flux in soldering and glassmaking, and in the production of ceramic glazes.
Q39. The formation of petroleum from ancient organisms required:
• A few years.
• High pressure and heat over millions of years.
• Freezing temperatures.
• Exposure to sunlight.
Answer: High pressure and heat over millions of years.
Petroleum was formed from the remains of tiny marine plants and animals that were buried under layers of sediment and subjected to intense heat and pressure over geological time.
Q40. Where is Slate also found in Kashmir?
• Baramulla
• Srinagar
• Pulwama
• Kupwara
Answer: Baramulla
Baramulla in Kashmir is another location where slate is found.
Q41. A key message from the concept that resources are limited is:
• We should use them without thought.
• We need to use them judiciously and find alternatives.
• They will last forever.
• They are not important.
Answer: We need to use them judiciously and find alternatives.
Since exhaustible resources like fossil fuels are finite, it is essential to use them carefully and develop renewable energy sources for the future.
Q42. Which of these is NOT a product of petroleum refining?
• Bitumen
• Coal Gas
• LPG
• Diesel
Answer: Coal Gas
Coal gas is obtained from the destructive distillation of coal, not from refining petroleum. Bitumen, LPG, and Diesel are all petroleum products.
Q43. Where is Marble also found in Jammu?
• Thatri
• Jammu City
• Samba
• Hiranagar
Answer: Thatri
Thatri in the Jammu division is known for its marble deposits.
Q44. True or False: Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.
• True
• False
Answer: True
Coal tar is a thick, black liquid produced when coal is destructively distilled. It is a complex mixture of hundreds of different chemical compounds.
Q45. Cement stone is primarily used to make what?
• Glass
• Cement
• Plastic
• Paint
Answer: Cement
As the name indicates, cement stone is a calcareous rock that serves as a key raw material in the manufacture of cement.
Q46. The PCRA likely creates awareness about:
• Wasting electricity.
• Fuel-efficient driving habits.
• Using more plastic.
• Cutting down trees.
Answer: Fuel-efficient driving habits.
PCRA promotes habits like maintaining steady speed, proper gear shifting, and regular vehicle maintenance to help drivers conserve fuel.
Q47. Which mineral’s distribution shows that resources are localized?
• Air
• Sunlight
• Graphite found in specific areas like Uri
• Water in oceans
Answer: Graphite found in specific areas like Uri
Unlike air or sunlight, minerals like graphite are found only in specific geological formations, such as in Uri, Kashmir, showing uneven distribution.
Q48. What is the primary component of LPG?
• Methane
• Butane and Propane
• Carbon Dioxide
• Oxygen
Answer: Butane and Propane
LPG is primarily a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, mainly propane and butane. These gases are easily liquefied under pressure for storage in cylinders.
Q49. Gypsum is essential for making:
• Steel
• Plaster of Paris
• Petrol
• Graphite pencils
Answer: Plaster of Paris
When gypsum is heated, it loses water and forms Plaster of Paris, which is used for making casts, molds, and in construction.
Q50. The fact that fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources implies:
• We have an unlimited supply.
• They are renewable like crops.
• They can be exhausted if used unsustainably.
• They are not useful for energy.
Answer: They can be exhausted if used unsustainably.
Because they take millions of years to form and we are consuming them rapidly, fossil fuels can be depleted if not managed and conserved properly.